Stars of roughly 0. 5 – 10 solar masses become red giants: large non-main sequence stars of stellar classification K or M. Red giants lie along the right edge of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram due to their red color and large luminosity.

Fomalhaut's mass is about 1. 92 times that of the Sun, its luminosity is about 16. 6 times greater, and its diameter is roughly 1. 84 times as large.

Gamma-ray bursts, novae and supernovae are examples of systems exceeding their Eddington luminosity by a large factor for very short times, resulting in short and highly intensive mass loss rates.

Apart from this, because of their large radii and luminosities, giant stars lie above the main sequence ( luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification ) on the Hertzsprung – Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II or III.

However, this extreme luminosity would also explain the large radio signal.

The ratio of the number of globular clusters to the total luminosity of the galaxy is high compared to the Milky Way and similar galaxies with small bulges, but the ratio is comparable to other galaxies with large bulges.

NGC 3109 seems to contain an unusually large number of planetary nebulae for its luminosity.

It has expanded until it is some 95 times as large, and has a total luminosity of 1500 times that of the Sun.

In spite of its cooler temperature, Deneb Kaitos is much brighter than the Sun with a bolometric luminosity of about 145 times the luminosity of the Sun, resulting from a radius 18 times as large as the Sun and a mass that is 2. 8 times the Sun's mass.

large x-ray to optical luminosity, no radio emission detected by the sensitive

Because of their large mass and high luminosity, their lifetime is very short — only a few million years in total and much less than a million years in the LBV phase.

This is a particular issue with the faint objects in calculating a luminosity function, as their smaller maximum volume means that a large-scale structure therein will have a large impact.

This stellar mass loss was first discovered using rocket-borne telescopes in the 1960s, but the IUE allowed astronomers to observe a very large number of stars, allowing the first proper studies of how stellar mass loss is related to mass and luminosity.

Opinions differ as to when this " hot spotting " begins to be distracting, but most viewers do not notice differences as large as 30 % in the image luminosity, unless presented with a test image and asked to look for variations in brightness.

Radial velocity computations of Draco have revealed a large internal velocity dispersion giving a mass to luminosity ratio of up to 440 M < sub >☉</ sub >/ L < sub >☉</ sub >, suggesting large amounts of dark matter.

Over the energy range 0. 8 – 1. 2 keV, its X-ray luminosity is L < sub > x </ sub > = with a large L < sub > x </ sub > to L < sub > bol </ sub > of log L < sub > x </ sub >/ L < sub > bol </ sub > = – 6. 53 from ASCA measurements.

Several dozen nearby large galaxies, with no sign of a quasar nucleus, have been shown to contain a similar central black hole in their nuclei, so it is thought that all large galaxies have one, but only a small fraction emit powerful radiation and so are seen as quasars.

It was only until the 1960s that major problems with the Steady State theory began to emerge, when observations apparently supported the idea that the universe was in fact changing: quasars and radio galaxies were found only at large distances ( therefore existing only in the distant past ), not in closer galaxies.

Using VLBI in this manner requires large numbers of time difference measurements from distant sources ( such as quasars ) observed with a global network of antennas over a period of time.

However, the distances between quasars and the telescopes which detect them are large, which means that the expansion of the universe causes light to undergo noticeable redshifting.

It was chosen for this purpose because its microwave radio emissions are observable with a large radio telescope network on the ground in such a manner that its precise position can be related by interferometry to distant quasars.

From there, the theory is one of hierarchical structure formation: the smaller gravitationally bound structures form first – large early stars collapse to form black holes, which may join other black holes to form quasars, active galactic nuclei, and galaxies, followed by groups, clusters and superclusters of galaxies.

Since these surveys observe radiation emitted from galaxies and quasars, they do not directly measure the dark matter, but the large scale distribution of galaxies ( and of absorption lines in the Lyman-α forest ) is expected to closely mirror the distribution of dark matter.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey had challenged the current understanding of cosmology by finding black hole candidates in very bright quasars at large distances.

Had the situation been reversed, had, for instance, England been the enemy in 1898 because of issues of concern chiefly to New England, there is little doubt that large numbers of Southerners would have happily put on their old Confederate uniforms to fight as allies of Britain.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.

On the one hand, he does not work for a large agency, but is almost always self-employed.

Although we continue to pay our conversational devotions to `` free private enterprise '', `` individual initiative '', `` the democratic way '', `` government of the people '', `` competition of the marketplace '', etc., we live rather comfortably in a society in which economic competition is diminishing in large areas, bureaucracy is corroding representative government, technology is weakening the citizen's confidence in his own power to make decisions, and the threat of war is driving him economically and physically into the ground ''.

Third, the United States is pressing forward in the development of large rocket engines to place vehicles of many tons into space for exploration purposes.

In this domain the simple fact of coexistence in the same local, national, and world community is enough to guarantee that we cannot refrain from having some effect, large or small, upon Gentile-Jewish relations.

This is in large part a code of behavior and a glossary of values: what is it that people do and should do and how one should regard it.

If we are to believe the list of titles printed in Malraux's latest book, La Metamorphose Des Dieux, Vol. 1 ( ( 1957 ), he is still engaged in writing a large novel under his original title.

But it would greatly strengthen any Mayor's executive powers, remove the excuse in large degree that he is a captive of inaction in the Board of Estimate, increase his budget-making authority both as to expense and capital budgets, and vest in him the right to reorganize city departments in the interest of efficiency and economy.

We believe that autism, like so many other conditions of defect and deviation, is to a large extent inborn.

Decca is not the only large commercial company to impart instruction.

For the first time in history the entire world is dominated by two large, powerful nations armed with murderous nuclear weapons that make conventional warfare of the past a nullity.

In any event, the yearly sacrifice of 40,000 victims is a hecatomb too large to be justified by the most ardent faith.

The lack of scientific unanimity on the effects of radiation is due in part to insufficient data covering large population groups, from which agreed-on generalizations could be drawn.

For that is the one an increasingly large number of prominent Americans are now proposing.

In the first place, a large part of the discrepancy between President Eisenhower's estimate of a 1.5 billion dollar surplus for the same period and the new estimate of an almost seven billion dollar deficit is the result of the outgoing President's farewell gift of a political booby-trap to his successor.

Our complaint is that in many crucial areas the Kennedy programs are not too large but too small, most seriously in regard to the conventional arms build-up and in aid and welfare measures.

The resulting setup, it was declared, `` would be similar to that which is in successful operation in a number of metropolitan counties as large or larger than Rhode Island ''.

Another effect discovered is the large coefficient of thermal diffusion tending to separate nitrogen from the oxygen when temperature differences straddling the nitrogen dissociation region are present.

Mr. Speaker, for several years now the commuter railroads serving our large metropolitan areas have found it increasingly difficult to render the kind of service our expanding population wants and is entitled to have.