Damaged buildings included the medieval churches of St. Foillan, St. Paul and St. Nicholas, and the Rathaus ( city hall ), although Aachen Cathedral was largely unscathed.

Surviving medieval art is primarily religious in focus and funded largely by the State, Roman Catholic or Orthodox church, powerful ecclesiastical individuals, or wealthy secular patrons.

Neighbouring St Fillan's Church is one of the best-preserved medieval parish churches in Scotland, dating largely to the 12th century.

Bacon's education was conducted largely in Latin and followed the medieval curriculum.

The extant medieval structures are largely private homes.

The looser type of couplet, with occasional enjambment, was one of the standard verse forms in medieval narrative poetry, largely because of the influence of the Canterbury Tales.

There have been two introductions of English to Ireland, a medieval introduction that led to the development of the now-extinct Yola dialect and a modern introduction in which Hibernian English largely replaced Irish as the most widely spoken language during the 19th century, following the Act of Union of 1800.

Knights and the ideals of knighthood featured largely in medieval and Renaissance literature, and have secured a permanent place in literary romance.

Later on in medieval warfare, once hand cannons were introduced, the rate of fire improved only slightly, but the cannons became far easier to aim, largely because they were smaller and much closer to their wielder.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the name " Veronica " comes from the Latin vera, meaning " true " or " Truthful ", and the Greek eikon, meaning " image "; the Veil of Veronica was therefore largely regarded in medieval times as the " true image ", the truthful representation of Jesus, preceding the Shroud of Turin.

Its use spread through medieval monasteries, largely for medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of colic, palsy, and smallpox.

This strategic location invested it with importance in medieval times and its large castle remains largely intact.

Lacking any catalysts for change in the 14th century, Eastern European peasants largely continued upon the original medieval path until the 18th and 19th centuries.

The twelve Dutch provinces still largely coincide with their medieval predecessors, with the exception of Flevoland, and North and South Holland, which were created in 1815 from Holland ; the municipalities have recently been greatly decreased in number.

The Middle High German epic poem Nibelungenlied is based largely on the old stories, which were commonly known in all of the Germanic lands from the early Middle Ages on, but reworks the material into a courtly medieval setting.

Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, when the medieval fortifications were largely destroyed by artillery bombardment.

The medieval glass largely escaped harm during the Huguenot iconoclasm and the religious wars of the 16th century although the west rose sustained damage from artillery fire in 1591.

The early history of Enschede is largely unknown, but a settlement existed around the Old Marketplace in early medieval times.

Because the medieval city was largely built of wood and stone houses were the exception, fire was a constant risk and a series of fires in 1517, 1750 and again on 7 May 1862 earned the people from Enschede the nickname Brandstichters ( arsonists ).

Many historians have identified the early modern period as the epoch in which individuals began to think of themselves as belonging to a national polity — a notable break from medieval modes of self-identification, which had been largely based upon religion ( belonging to a universal Christendom ), language, or feudal allegiance ( belonging to the manor or extended household of a particular magnate or lord ).

Each year many visit to see the largely unchanged medieval town, especially during the ' Midweekfeesten ', ' Botterdagen ' and ' Kerst in de Vesting ', who attract yearly more than 30, 000 visitors.

Despite the fact that many of the dates and figures of Oxford's medieval and early life are imprecise, Blackfriars ' history is unusually well documented, largely as a result of the hall being part of an international fraternity of scholarship, which was able to monitor and document its fortunes, even during times of the hall's collapse.

In itself a product of the medieval conception of the fool who figured so largely in the Shrovetide and other pageants, it differs entirely from the general allegorical satires of the preceding centuries.

The philosophical teachings of Philo and Ibn Gabirol were largely ignored by fellow Jews ; the parallel may be extended by adding that Philo and Ibn Gabirol, alike, exercised considerable influence in secular circles ; Philo upon early Christianity, and Ibn Gabirol upon the scholars of medieval Christianity.

In the 15th century the Norman church of St Petroc was largely rebuilt and stands as one of the largest churches in Cornwall ( the largest after the cathedral at Truro ).

With the crystallization of church order improvisation in prayer largely gave place to set forms, and collections of prayers were made which later developed into Sacramentaries and Orationals.

By 1857, tensions had again escalated between Mormons and other Americans, largely as a result of church teachings on polygamy and theocracy.

The music itself is rather basic — church music at the time placed a large gap between written and performance practice — embellishments were largely placed in the hands of the performers ' tastes, although the Vatican score itself was altered largely by performers and visitors over the years.

Gutenberg died in 1468 and was buried in the Franciscan church at Mainz, his contributions largely unknown.

After the 1140s, these principles had been largely accepted within the English church, albeit with an element of concern about centralising authority in Rome.

It is recorded that the church was then " built anew " in 1342, remaining largely unchanged until targeted by Protestant vandals in the 1540s.

The church was largely renovated in 1506, 1603 and 1701, when the side on the Via Emilia was remade in Neoclassicist style.

One church in Enfield, Connecticut had been largely unaffected during the Great Awakening of New England.

Except for his chapel, the church was largely destroyed in the Second World War and was rebuilt in 1958.

Through extensive study, Amos also wove in the stories of the Gnostic gospels and the removal of women from a position of power within the Christian church to create an album based largely on religion and politics.

After a period of expansion under the Mongol Empire, the church went into decline through the 14th century, and was eventually confined largely to its heartland in what is now Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and to the Malabar Coast of India.

While Dieterich Buxtehude was a significant composer of such works, it was largely up to the next generation to undertake cantata cycles on texts for the entire church year.

In order to strengthen his hold on Bohemia, Rudolf in 1609 issued the Letter of Majesty, which granted Bohemia's largely Protestant estates the right to freely exercise their religion, essentially setting up a Protestant Bohemian state church controlled by the estates, " dominated by the towns and rural nobility ".

A 9th-century collection of church legislation known as the False Decretals, which was once attributed to Saint Isidore of Seville, is largely composed of forgeries.

Bishop Vergilius of Salzburg ( 745-84 ), was largely instrumental in establishing a church hierarchy in the Duchy and gained for himself the name of " Apostle of Carantania.

Following extensive and ongoing restoration of the interior decorations, the mission church interior now largely appears in its original state, with brilliant colors and complex design.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in this period is principally devoted to military events, and as Æthelstan's achievements were mainly in the reconstruction of the church and government, it is largely silent during his reign apart from recounting his military triumphs.

* The church of St. Augustine was built in the 14th century, but largely renovated for the funerals of Alfonso IV d ' Este in 1663.

The grade I listed parish church of St Peter and St Paul dates from the 12th century, but the current building is largely from the 15th century, with further rebuilding in 1836.

According to Hughes, the paruchia, or network of monasteries attached to an abbey, replaced the diocese as the chief administrative unit of the church, and the position of abbot largely replaced that of bishop in authority and prominence.

The original abbey church of Holyrood was largely reconstructed between 1195 and 1230.

At its centre is Highgate village, a collection of largely Georgian shops, pubs, restaurants and residential streets, interspersed with diverse landmarks such as St Michael's Church and steeple, Highgate School ( 1565 ), Jacksons Lane arts centre housed in a Grade II listed former church, the Gatehouse inn dating from 1670 and Berthold Lubetkin's 1930s Highpoint buildings.