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late and Roman
We know that the Saxon Shore was a phenonenon of late Roman defensive policy ; ;
The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.
In the late 2nd century CE floor mosaic from El Djem, Roman Thysdrus, he is identifiable as Apollo Helios by his effulgent halo, though now even a god's divine nakedness is concealed by his cloak, a mark of increasing conventions of modesty in the later Empire.
This system of ' counter casting ' continued into the late Roman empire and in medieval Europe, and persisted in limited use into the nineteenth century.
Constance was a missionary bishopric in newly converted lands, and did not look back on late Roman church history ( unlike the Raetian bishopric of Chur, established 451 ) and Basel, which was an episcopal seat from 740, and which continued the line of Bishops of Augusta Raurica, see Bishop of Basel.
Herm of Hermes, Roman copy of a late 5th century BC original, the forefront inscription states the herm was made by Alcamenes and placed infront of the gates of Pergamon, Istanbul Archaeology Museums | Istanbul Museums.
Alypius of Antioch was a geographer and a vicarius of Roman Britain, probably in the late 350s AD.
Ammianus Marcellinus, soldier-historian of the late Roman Empire.
Sources for events after this date are extremely scarce, but a tradition, reported as early as the mid-6th century by a British priest named Gildas, records that the British sent for help against the barbarians to Aetius, a Roman consul, probably in the late 440s.
In 1976 divers in the Aar found part of a seven-meter wide wooden bridge from the late Roman times.
: For the city in the late Roman and the Eastern Roman or Byzantine periods ( 330 – 1453 ), see Constantinople.
Then subsequently the city was, for more than a thousand years, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
Though associated with the Sassanid Persians and with Mithradates VI Eupator ( who for a time incorporated the city into his empire ), by the late Hellenistic or early Roman period, the star and crescent motif had been associated to some degree with Byzantium.
The late 4th century writer on Roman military affairs Vegetius mentions soldiers using reed rafts, drawn by leather leads, to transport equipment across rivers.
In the late 2nd century, the Historia Augusta mentions that in the rule of Marcus Aurelius ( 161-80 ), an alliance of lower Danube tribes including the Bastarnae, the Sarmatian Roxolani and the Costoboci took advantage of the emperor's difficulties on the upper Danube ( the Marcomannic Wars ) to invade Roman territory.
Gold, silver and garnet grave goods from the Anglo-Saxon ship burial at Sutton Hoo ( 1939 ) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk ( 1946 ).
It may come from a custom in the late Roman / early Christian era, wherein metal boxes placed outside churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the Feast of Saint Stephen, which in the Western Church falls on the same day as Boxing Day.
When the first meeting of the Fourth Duma was convened in late 1912, only one out of six Bolshevik deputies, Matvei Muranov, ( another one, Roman Malinovsky, was later exposed as an Okhrana secret police agent ) voted to break away from the Menshevik faction within the Duma on 15 December 1912.
The forms of parish worship in the late medieval church in England, which followed the Latin Roman Rite, varied according to local practice.
The influence of Roman Dutch law continued in the colony well into the late 19th century.
Throughout the late Roman and early Byzantine periods, Christianity was resolving fundamental questions of identity, and the dispute between the orthodox and the monophysites became the cause of serious disorder, expressed through allegiance to the horse-racing parties of the Blues and the Greens.
Constantinople was the largest and richest urban center in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the late Eastern Roman Empire, mostly as a result of its strategic position commanding the trade routes between the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.
The ancient Roman concept of virtus ( i. e. of virtue that had to be proved by a political or military career ), which Cicero suggested as the solution to the societal problems of the late Republic, meant little to them.
It is also situated at the nucleus of Coptic Orthodox community, which separated from the Roman and Byzantine church in the late 4th century.

late and cavalry
In the army of the late Roman Empire, cavalry played an increasingly important role.
As late as mediaeval era, the Kamboja cavalry had also formed part of the Gurjara-Pratihara armed forces in 8th / 10th centuries AD.
The Mexican Army included a number of horse mounted cavalry regiments as late as the mid 1990s and the Chilean Army had five such regiments in 1983 as mounted mountain troops ( see Jane's " Armed Forces of Latin America " by Adrian J. English ).
During the Ottoman invasion of Central Europe ( between late 14th century and circa 1700 ) Hungarian soldiers protected fortresses and launched light cavalry attacks against the Turks ( see Hungarian Hussars ).
The last units of British heavy cavalry switched to using armoured vehicles as late as 1938.
The pike phalanx, supported by peltasts and cavalry, became the dominant mode of warfare among the Greeks from the late 4th century onward until Greek military systems were supplanted by the Roman legions.
In late 1968, General Abrams met with Colonel George S. Patton IV-the son of World War II General Patton-who was the regimental commander of the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment ( 11th ACR Blackhorse ), the only full regiment of cavalry in Vietnam.
Alatheus and Saphrax brought most of their cavalry, and possibly some of their infantry, to the battlefield late.
It is also often stated that the defeat at Adrianople led to changes in the composition of the late Roman Army and an increase in the use of cavalry.
However, the stirrup, which made the ' shock cavalry ' lance charge possible, was not introduced to the Frankish kingdom until the late eighth century.
The New Model Army moved in pursuit of the Royalist army, and late in the day Commissary General Henry Ireton ( Cromwell's son in law and second in command of the cavalry ) attacked a Royalist outpost at Naseby, to the south of the main body of the King's army.
In the centre the 6th Division captured Ribécourt and Marcoing but when the cavalry passed through late, they were dealt a sharp blow and fell back from Noyelles.
A bitter cavalry action developed in the late afternoon and into the night.
For example there is mention of late armor ( 1 Samuel 17: 4 – 7, 38 – 39 ; 25: 13 ), use of camels ( 1 Samuel 30: 17 ) and cavalry ( as distinct from chariotry ) ( 1 Samuel 13: 5, 2 Samuel 1: 6 ), iron picks and axes ( as though they were common, 2 Samuel 12: 31 ), sophisticated siege techniques ( 2 Samuel 20: 15 ), there is a gargantuan troop ( 2 Samuel 17: 1 ), a battle with 20, 000 casualties ( 2 Samuel 18: 7 ), and refer to Kushite paramilitary and servants, clearly giving evidence of a date in which Kushites were common, after the 26th Dynasty of Egypt, the period of the last quarter of the 8th century BCE.
In late 1864, Wheeler's cavalry did not accompany Hood on his Franklin-Nashville Campaign back into Tennessee and was virtually the only effective Confederate force to oppose Sherman's March to the Sea to Savannah.
Oliver Cromwell, who arrived too late in the day to take part in the battle, later wrote disparagingly to John Hampden, " Your troopers are most of them old decayed servingmen and tapsters ; and their Royalists troopers are gentlemen's sons, younger sons and persons of quality ...." Not only were the Parliamentarian cavalry not so naturally accustomed to mounted action, but they were drilled in the Dutch tactic of firing pistols and carbines from the saddle, whereas under Rupert, the Royalist cavalry would charge sword in hand, relying on shock and weight.
In late May Saladin assembled the largest army he had ever commanded, around some 30, 000 men including about 12, 000 regular cavalry.
The adoption of cataphract-like cavalry formations took hold amongst the late Roman army during the late 3rd and 4th centuries.
There appears to be some confusion about the term in the late Roman period, as armored cavalry men of any sort that were traditionally referred to as Equites in the Republican period later became exclusively designated as " cataphracts ".
However, as late as 272 AD, Aurelian's army, completely composed of light cavalry, defeated Zenobia at the Battle of Immae, proving the continuing importance of mobility on the battlefield.
The battle was won, and cavalry only were needed to reap its consequences, but the Prussian cavalry division had been left behind without orders and did not reach the battlefield until late at night.

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