At the central level the scrutin uninominal voting system was selected over some form of the scrutin de liste system, even though the latter had been recommended by Duverger and favored by all political parties.

When the power of the latter was made both limited and explicit -- when norms were clarified and made more precise and the creation of new norms was placed exclusively in parliamentary hands -- two purposes were served: Government was made subservient to an institutionalized popular will, and law became a rational system for implementing that will, for serving conscious goals, for embodying the `` public policy ''.

In his first biennial speech, he urged simplification of the state judicial system, abolishment of the Bank of Tennessee and establishment of an agency to provide uniformity in weights and measures, the latter of which was passed.

In the latter units fire as tactically necessary and replenish to maintain or reach their authorised holding ( which can vary ), so the logistic system has to be able to cope with surge and slack.

To abstract from the number of inputs, outputs and states, the variables are expressed as vectors and the differential and algebraic equations are written in matrix form ( the latter only being possible when the dynamical system is linear ).

There were at least two presumably independent sources of positional decimal systems in ancient civilization: the Chinese counting rod system and the Hindu-Arabic numeral system ( the latter descended from Brahmi numerals ).

In late 1995, Doom was estimated to be installed on more computers worldwide than Microsoft's new operating system Windows 95, despite million-dollar advertising campaigns for the latter.

They note that the discoverers of the two planets around HW Virginis tried to circumvent the naming problem by calling them " HW Vir 3 " and " HW Vir 4 ", i. e. the latter is the 4th object – stellar or planetary – discovered in the system.

The Manifesto supported the creation of universal suffrage for both men and women ( the latter being realized only partly in late 1925, with all opposition parties banned or disbanded ); proportional representation on a regional basis ; government representation through a corporatist system of " National Councils " of experts, selected from professionals and tradespeople, elected to represent and hold legislative power over their respective areas, including labour, industry, transportation, public health, communications, etc.

A " mixed " control system such as the latter is not desirable and modern FBW aircraft normally avoid it by having more independent FBW channels, thereby reducing the possibility of overall failure to minuscule levels that are acceptable to the independent regulatory and safety authority responsible for aircraft design, testing and certification before operational service.

For example, Ken Thompson noted during his 1983 Turing Award lecture that it is possible to add code to the UNIX " login " command that would accept either the intended encrypted password or a particular known password, allowing a back door into the system with the latter password.

The former uses the peripheral nerves and the lower parts of the spinal cord, whereas the latter uses the limbic system of the brain.

The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system, and acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates, the latter of which is further divided into humoral and cellular components.

Others contend that there never was a golden age of jury trials, but rather that juries in the early nineteenth century ( before the rise of plea bargaining ) were " unwitting and reflexive, generally wasteful of public resources and, because of the absence of trained professionals, little more than slow guilty pleas themselves ," and that the guilty-plea system that emerged in the latter half of the nineteenth century was a superior, more cost-effective method of achieving fair outcomes.

It is the lowest title within the nobility system and ranks below that of " Baron " but above " Jonkheer " ( the latter is not a title, but a Dutch honorific to show that someone belongs to the untitled nobility ).

The source or justification of this system may be thought to be, for instance, human nature, shared vulnerability to suffering, the demands of universal reason, what is common among existing moral codes, or the common mandates of religion ( although it can be argued that the latter is not in fact moral universalism because it may distinguish between Gods and mortals ).

The latter is an example of a system delocalized in two dimensions.

The term neurobiology is usually used interchangeably with the term neuroscience, although the former refers specifically to the biology of the nervous system, whereas the latter refers to the entire science of the nervous system.

Following the bankruptcy of the latter, the system became a subsidiary of Xerox formerly known as Scansoft and now as Nuance Communications, and he functioned as a consultant for the former until 1995.

As it is, they consider that the North is now reaping the fruits of excess egalitarianism, that in spite of its high standard of living the `` American way '' has been proved inferior to the English and Scandinavian ways, although they disapprove of the socialistic features of the latter.

So great a man could not but understand, too, that the thing that moves men to sacrifice their lives is not the error of their thought, which their opponents see and attack, but the truth which the latter do not see -- any more than they see the error which mars the truth they themselves defend.

The latter is not reduced to the former.

This strange person quarrels with a cyclist because the latter is using the path rather than the highroad.

However, it is important to trace the philosophy of the French Revolution to its sources to understand the common democratic origin of individualism and socialism and the influence of the latter on the former.

Analogously, anyone who argues that Einstein's theory of gravitation is simpler than Newton's, must say rather more to explain how it is that the latter is mastered by student-physicists, while the former can be managed ( with difficulty ) only by accomplished experts.

In the latter research program, information is available for 2,758 Cornell students surveyed in 1950 and for 1,571 students surveyed in 1952.

Nogaret is hardly an impartial witness, and even he did not make his charges against Boniface until the latter was dead, but there is some truth in what he said and more in what he did not say.

And, after becoming the right-hand man of Enver Pasha, he is sent by the latter to pave the way for a new Turkish Empire embracing `` the union of all Turks throughout Central Asia from Adrianople to the Chinese oases on the Silk Trade Route ''.

The latter is what concerns us all.

The latter is likely to occur when the thyroid is removed.

and it is still very far from certain how valid the party's claim is that in `` a growing number of kolkhozes '' the peasants are finding it more profitable, to surrender their private plots to the kolkhoz and to let the latter be turned into something increasingly like a state farm.

The location of the latter now is determined for tax purposes at the time of registration, and it is now accepted practice to consider a motor vehicle as being situated where it is garaged.

The latter matter is considered in detail in a later section.

This latter reaction is in accord with the reported decomposition of Af.

Data on the former are scanty, but there can be little doubt that the latter is sometimes born at a length greater than that of any of the others, thereby lending support to the belief that the anaconda does, indeed, attain the greatest length.

the former figure is based on a somewhat unusual birth of four by a Central American female ( see chapter on Laying, Brooding, Hatching, and Birth ), the latter on a `` normal '' newly born individual.

In Spanish, at least one reference reports estadounidense, estado-unidense or estadunidense are preferred to americano for U. S. nationals ; the latter tends to refer to any resident of the Americas and not necessarily from the United States.

Gregory the Great in an epistle simplified the Latinized name Anglii to Angli, the latter form developing into the preferred form of the word.

This latter translation is preferred by the New Revised Standard Version.

are used, mainly due to an alternative spelling of Hristos ( Christ ) as Cristos, the latter being preferred by the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches.

Unobservable poles are not present in the transfer function realization of a state-space representation, which is why sometimes the latter is preferred in dynamical systems analysis.

Astronomers preferred the latter GMT convention in order to simplify their observational data so that each entire night was logged under a single calendar date.

Today, the term " holomorphic function " is sometimes preferred to " analytic function ", as the latter is a more general concept.

Although the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation, it is not the pronunciation preferred by locals.

The latter rule is generally preferred, as it affords more strategic possibilities in declaration.

Kant preferred republicanism to pure democracy, on the grounds that the latter may be the unrestricted rule of the majority, unrestrained by law.

In most current networking environments, RIP is not the preferred choice for routing as its time to converge and scalability are poor compared to EIGRP, OSPF, or IS-IS ( the latter two being link-state routing protocols ), and ( without RMTI ) a hop limit severely limits the size of network it can be used in.

Sowell writes that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups ( i. e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action ) to take advantage of group preference policies ; that they tend to benefit primarily the most fortunate among the preferred group ( e. g., upper and middle class blacks ), often to the detriment of the least fortunate among the non-preferred groups ( e. g., poor whites or Asians ); that they reduce the incentives of both the preferred and non-preferred to perform at their best – the former because doing so is unnecessary and the latter because it can prove futile – thereby resulting in net losses for society as a whole ; and that they increase animosity toward preferred groups.

The latter information was of great importance to those visiting this Thames-side palace from London, as the preferred method of transport at the time was by barge, and at low water London Bridge created dangerous rapids.

The New York Times Vincent Canby preferred Annie Hall to Allen's second directorial effort, Take the Money and Run, since the former is more " humane " while the latter is more a " cartoon ".

Delgado was young, had a bright future and a low salary, while Gaston preferred Carter to Olerud, feeling the latter wasn't aggressive enough at the plate.

Although, like his teacher, he preferred contemplative ( theoretical ), to active ( practical ) life, he preferred to set the latter free from the restraints of family life, etc.

Also, while the terms " symphonic poem " and " tone poem " have often been used interchangeably, some composers such as Richard Strauss and Jean Sibelius have preferred the latter term for pieces that were less symphonic in design and in which there is no special emphasis on thematic or tonal contrast.

The former group resisted the taxation of land and favoured an increase in import duties ; the latter preferred the opposite.

The preferred forms of paper money were gold certificates and National Gold Bank Notes, the latter having been created specifically to address the desire for hard money in California.

Steuco preferred Plato to Aristotle and saw greater congruence between the former and Christianity than the latter philosopher.