On a similar note, hundis referred to legal financial instruments evolved on the Indian sub-continent.

A League of Nations mandate was a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the internationally agreed-upon terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League.

As an EU candidate country, in the accession process the Republic of Macedonia builds internal legal mechanisms, instruments and capacities for harmonization with the EU Acquis in this area and for making active contribution to the development of CFSP and ESDP.

Therefore, at common law, notarial service is distinct from the practice of law, and giving legal advice and preparing legal instruments is forbidden to lay notaries such as those appointed throughout most of the United States of America.

In places where lawyer notaries are the norm, a notary may also draft legal instruments known as notarial acts or deeds which have probative value and executory force, as they do in civil law jurisdictions.

Article 6, Section 1 of the Protocol specifically covers Holocaust Denial, and other genocides recognised as such by international courts, established since 1945, by relevant international legal instruments.

* Seal ( contract law ), a legal formality for contracts and other instruments

Refugee law encompasses both customary law, peremptory norms, and international legal instruments.

* The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ( 2000 ) is one of the most recent proposed legal instruments concerning human rights.

The name " John Doe ", often spelled " Doo ," along with " Richard Roe " or " Roo " were regularly invoked in English legal instruments to satisfy technical requirements governing standing and jurisdiction, beginning perhaps as early as the reign of England's King Edward III ( 1312 – 1377 ).

Furthermore, as alluded to above, a particular type of surveying known as " land surveying " ( also per ACSM ) is the detailed study or inspection, as by gathering information through observations, measurements in the field, questionnaires, or research of legal instruments, and data analysis in the support of planning, designing, and establishing of property boundaries.

Ultimately, the distinction between public and private sector corruption sometimes appears rather artificial and national anti-corruption initiatives may need to avoid legal and other loopholes in the coverage of the instruments.

Legislation / Law Enforcement: Syria has laws on the books pertaining to counterterrorism and terrorism financing / money laundering, but largely used these legal instruments against only those groups perceived as a threat to the regime or country.

IUCN Commission on Environmental Law ( CEL ): CEL advances environmental law by developing new legal concepts and instruments, as well as by building the capacity of societies to employ environmental law for conservation and sustainable development.

Confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements are legal instruments that assist corporations and individuals in keeping ideas from escaping to the general public.

Once admitted to practice by the highest court of a state ( the state supreme court ), a function sometimes administered by the state's bar association, an American attorney may file legal pleadings and argue cases in that state court, provide legal advice to clients and draft important legal instruments such as wills, trusts, deeds and contracts.

The various institutions of society such as the legal and political system are instruments of ruling class domination and serve to further its interests.

If the displaced person has crossed an international border and falls under one of the relevant international legal instruments, they are considered a refugee.

Counterfeit money is currency that is produced without the legal sanction of the state or government and in deliberate violation of the laws thereof ; the United States Secret Service, better known as the official bodyguard detail for the President and / or the Vice President of the United States, their families, and / or other officials / dignitaries and / or their families, was initially organized primarily to combat the counterfeiting of American money ; counterfeit government bonds are public debt instruments that are produced without legal sanction, with the intention of " cashing them in " for authentic currency or using them as collateral to secure legitimate loans or lines of credit.

Words primarily used in Austria are Jänner ( January ) rather than Januar, heuer ( this year ) rather than dieses Jahr, Stiege ( stairs ) instead of Treppe, Rauchfang ( chimney ) instead of Schornstein, many administrative, legal and political terms – and a whole series of foods and vegetables such as: Erdäpfel ( potatoes ) German Kartoffeln ( but Dutch Aardappel ), Schlagobers ( whipped cream ) German Schlagsahne, Faschiertes ( ground beef ) German Hackfleisch, Fisolen ( green beans ) German Gartenbohne ( but Czech fazole and Italian fagioli ), Karfiol ( cauliflower ) German Blumenkohl ( but Italian cavolfiore ), Kohlsprossen ( Brussels sprouts ) German Rosenkohl, Marillen ( apricots ) German Aprikosen but Slovak marhuľa, Paradeiser ( tomatoes ) German Tomaten, Palatschinken ( pancakes ) German Pfannkuchen ( but Czech palačinky ), Topfen ( a semi-sweet cottage cheese ) German Quark and Kren ( horseradish ) German Meerrettich ( but Czech křen ).

The term allegiance was traditionally often used by English legal commentators in a larger sense, divided by them into natural and local, the latter applying to the deference which even a foreigner must pay to the institutions of the country in which he happens to live.

Doubleday assumed administrative duties in the defenses of Washington, D. C., where he was in charge of courts martial, which gave him legal experience that he used after the war.

In 1999 they brought a legal challenge to this patent which had granted a private US citizen " ownership " of the knowledge of a plant that is well-known and sacred to many indigenous peoples of the Amazon, and used by them in religious and healing ceremonies.

When the Roman Empire turned Christian during the following century, this imagery came to be used in a more metaphysical sense, and removed legal impediments to the development and public use of the Anno Domini dating system, which came into general use during the reign of Charlemagne.

* Amputation is used as a legal punishment in a number of countries, among them Iran, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Islamic regions of Nigeria.

In economics, regulatory arbitrage ( sometimes, tax arbitrage ) may be used to refer to situations when a company can choose a nominal place of business with a regulatory, legal or tax regime with lower costs.

The term " black-letter law " is also used commonly in the American legal system to mean well-established case law.

The recording can further be used to identify advantage players whose activities, while legal, make them undesirable customers.

Blood alcohol content ( BAC ), also called blood alcohol concentration, blood ethanol concentration, or blood alcohol level is most commonly used as a metric of alcohol intoxication for legal or medical purposes.

These definitions are archaic, their relevance having dissipated with the development of the English legal system over the centuries, but they do explain the origin of the term as used today.

The legal writings used are called Institutional Texts and come mostly from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

A banknote ( more commonly known as a bill in the United States and Canada ) is a type of currency, and commonly used as legal tender in many jurisdictions.

In legal firms the title is used to indicated a lawyer who is not a partner of the law firm.

This may indicate a co-owner as in a legal partnership or may be used in a general way to refer to a broad class of employees or temporary / contract workers who are often assigned field or customer service work.

The film Blade Runner ( 1982 ), adapted from Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep ?, is set in 2019 in a dystopian future in which manufactured beings called replicants are slaves used on space colonies and are legal prey on Earth to various bounty hunters who " retire " ( kill ) them.

The following classes of offences are used, or have been used, as legal terms of art:

A list of firearms not covered by the NFA due to their antique status may be found here or due to their Curio and Relic status may be found here ; these lists includes a number of carbines with barrels less than the minimum legal length and firearms that are " primarily collector's items and are not likely to be used as weapons and, therefore, are excluded from the provisions of the National Firearms Act.

In the Hebrew of the contemporary State of Israel, the word pilegesh is often used as the equivalent of the English word, mistress — i. e. the female partner in extramarital relations, regardless of legal recognition.

Opinions as to when this software is moral ( and sometimes legal ) to use vary widely with individual people being strongly in favor and against the same software used in different scenarios.

A coin is a piece of hard material that is standardized in weight, is produced in large quantities in order to facilitate trade, and primarily can be used as a legal tender.

Its copying in subsequent generations indicates that it was used as a model of legal and judicial reasoning.

Compaq was able to market a legal IBM clone because IBM mostly used " off the shelf " parts for their PC.