After the 1974 invasion following a Greek junta-based coup attempt, Makarios secured international recognition of his Greek Cypriot government as the sole legal authority on Cyprus, which has proved to be a very significant strategic advantage for the Greek Cypriots in the decades since.

In March 2006, the parliament overturned a veto by President Václav Klaus, and the Czech Republic became the first former communist country in Europe to grant legal recognition to same-sex partnerships.

Systems deriving from blood feuds may survive alongside more advanced legal systems or be given recognition by courts ( for example, trial by combat ).

In the Hebrew of the contemporary State of Israel, the word pilegesh is often used as the equivalent of the English word, mistress — i. e. the female partner in extramarital relations, regardless of legal recognition.

While it is possible to identify earlier legal structures that would today fall into the " environmental " law metric-for example the common law recognition of private and public rights to protect interests in land, such as nuisance, or post-industrial revolution human health protections-the concept of " environmental law " as a separate and distinct body of law is a 20th Century development.

The recognition that the natural environment was fragile and in need of special legal protections, the translation of that recognition into legal structures, and the development of those structures into a larger body of " environmental law " did not occur until about the 1960s.

To prevent civil war the Scottish magnates asked Edward I of England to arbitrate, for which he extracted legal recognition that the realm of Scotland was held as a feudal dependency to the throne of England before choosing John Balliol, the man with the strongest claim, who became king in 1292.

Out of these generations, the third generation is the most debated and lacks both legal and political recognition.

The 1815 Congress of Vienna marked the formal recognition of the political and international legal system based on the conditions of Europe.

" A decade later, the 1836 Marriage Act, which introduced civil marriage, was contemptuously referred to as the ‘ Broomstick Marriage Act ’ by those who felt that a marriage outside the Anglican church did not deserve legal recognition.

In the absence of any legal recognition, the slave community developed its own methods of distinguishing between committed and casual unions.

Secondary rules are divided into rules of adjudication ( to resolve legal disputes ), rules of change ( allowing laws to be varied ) and the rule of recognition ( allowing laws to be identified as valid ).

As most legal jurisdictions have at least some recognition of the two traditional genders at the exclusion of other categories, this raises many legal issues and aspects of transsexualism.

The degree of legal recognition provided to transsexualism varies widely throughout the world.

Many countries now extend legal recognition of sex reassignment by permitting a change of legal gender on the individual's birth certificate.

In many countries, some of these modifications are required for legal recognition.

The amount to which non-transsexual transgender people can benefit from the legal recognition given to transsexual people, varies.

In others, a diagnosis of gender identity disorder, or simply the fact that one has established a non-conforming gender role, can be sufficient for some or all of the legal recognition available.

Current positions associated with social progressivism in the West include opposition to the death penalty, and support for legal recognition of same-sex marriage, distribution of contraceptives, public funding of embryonic stem-cell research, and the right of women to choose abortion.

As doctors and medical associations pushed for a legal monopoly on obstetrical care, midwifery became outlawed or heavily regulated throughout the United States and Canada.

The Nurses Amendment Act restored the professional and legal separation of midwifery from nursing, and established midwifery and nursing as separate and distinct professions.

On the positive side, recent Federal action has largely undermined the legal sanction so long enjoyed by the segregationist position ; ;

He assures me he has people to handle the money raising, and Ham Richert, my lawyer, says the legal aspects of the wedding of Zenith and Allstates are no problem.

Arguments of the parties to the appeal are presented through their appellate lawyers, if represented, or " pro se " if the party has not engaged legal representation.

Therefore, if a lower court has ruled in an improper manner, or against legal precedent, that judgment will stand if not appealed – even if it might have been overturned on appeal.

At various times in the more than 100 years that have elapsed since the song was written, particularly during the John F. Kennedy administration, there have been efforts to give " America the Beautiful " legal status either as a national hymn, or as a national anthem equal to, or in place of, " The Star-Spangled Banner ", but so far this has not succeeded.

The Anglican Communion has no official legal existence nor any governing structure which might exercise authority over the member churches.

Prior to this, the monastery would be a mere priory, headed by a prior who acts as superior but without the same degree of legal authority that an abbot has.

# No playable tiles-Per 2008 rules, a player that has no legal plays because all 6 tiles in his or her hand are unplayable may reveal his or her hand, set aside his or her unplayable tiles, and draw six new tiles at the beginning of his or her turn.

and has contributed to many scholarly and legal publications in the areas of international commercial law, bankruptcy, and civil rights.

Since the 1980s, the People's Republic of China has constructed a new legal framework for administrative law, establishing control mechanisms for overseeing the bureaucracy and disciplinary committees for the Communist Party of China.

Most legal cases in adversarial systems do not go to trial ; this can lead to great injustice when the defendant has an unskilled or overworked attorney, which is likely to be the case when the defendant is poor.

In the US, the government has initiated legal action against the pharmaceutical company Johnson & Johnson for allegedly paying kickbacks to Omnicare to promote its antipsychotic Risperidone ( Risperdal ) in nursing homes.

A legal, out-of-the-box installer has been created for Microsoft Windows using WinUAE.

* Bar ( law ), in a legal context has three possible meanings: the division of a courtroom between its working and public areas ; the process of qualifying to practice law ; and the legal profession

USAID has programming in the following areas: economic policy reform and restructuring ; private sector development ( the Business Development Program ); infrastructure rebuilding ; democratic reforms in the media, political process and elections, and rule of law / legal code formulation ; and training programs for women and diplomats.

A bishop is the president of the Aaronic priesthood in his ward ( and is thus a form of Mormon Kohen ; in fact, a literal descendant of Aaron has " legal right " to act as a Bishop after being found worthy and ordained by the First Presidency ).

The South African government has stepped up legal protection for the Blue Crane.

This situation can have important corporate, social, economic, and legal consequences, and has been the subject of significant research.

The development of a separate board of directors to manage the company has occurred incrementally and indefinitely over legal history.

In many legal systems, the director has a right to receive special notice of any resolution to remove him or her ; the company must often supply a copy of the proposal to the director, who is usually entitled to be heard by the meeting.

Bacardi has faced criticism and legal problems for supposedly attempting to falsely convince consumers they were purchasing rum made in Cuba rather than just marking its heritage.

If the player to move has no legal moves, the game is over ; it is either a checkmate — if the king is under attack — or a stalemate — if the king is not.

That said, there will still be competitors who " crack " the system when the legal barriers are light, especially where the old guard has become inefficient and is failing to meet the needs of the market.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.