There are numerous types of business entities available throughout the world such as a corporation, limited liability company, cooperative, business trust, partnership, private limited company, and public limited company.

The CEM role and leadership within a limited liability company is comparable to the role of Chief executive officer within corporate governance.

The most prominent kind of company, usually referred to as a " corporation ", is a " juristic person ", i. e. it has separate legal personality, and those who invest money into the business have limited liability for any losses the company makes, governed by corporate law.

Examples are the Limited-liability company ( LLC ) and the limited liability limited partnership ( LLLP ) in the United States.

This is a hybrid company, a company similar to its limited company ( Ltd .) counterpart but where the members or shareholders do not benefit from limited liability should the company ever go into formal liquidation.

Except for the partnership, all business forms are designed to provide limited liability to both members of the organization and external investors.

Those forms that provide limited liability are able to do so because the state provides a mechanism by which businesses that follow certain guidelines will be able to escape the full liability imposed under agency law.

The area of study examines issues such as how each major form of business entity may be formed, operated, and dissolved ; the degree to which limited liability protects investors ; the extent to which a business can be held liable for the acts of an agent of the business ; the relative advantages and disadvantages of different types of business organizations, and the structures established by governments to monitor the buying and selling of ownership interests in large corporations.

In addition to legal personality, registered companies tend to have limited liability, be owned by shareholders who can transfer their shares to others, and controlled by a board of directors who the shareholders appoint.

Shareholders are also explicitly granted limited liability in the company's royal charter.

Ten years later, limited liability, the key provision of modern corporate law, passed into English law: in response to increasing pressure from newly emerging capital interests, Parliament passed the Limited Liability Act 1855, which established the principle that any corporation could enjoy limited legal liability on both contract and tort claims simply by registering as a " limited " company with the appropriate government agency.

may be inclined to assign to the nameless inventor of the principle of limited liability, as applied to trading corporations, a place of honour with Watt and Stephenson, and other pioneers of the Industrial Revolution.

The Corporation was split in 1990 between a limited liability operating company, New Zealand Rail Limited, and the Corporation which retained a number of assets to be disposed.

Although the word " product " has broad connotations, product liability as an area of law is traditionally limited to products in the form of tangible personal property.

The rule is that “ n actor ’ s liability is limited to those physical harms that result from the risks that made the actor ’ s conduct tortious .” Thus, the operative question is " what were the particular risks that made an actor's conduct negligent?

* Allmennaksjeselskap or ASA, the designation for a Norwegian public limited company

In 1988, having produced some 5, 000 cars in 20 years, a revived economy and successful sales of limited edition Vantage, and 52 Volante Zagato coupes at £ 86, 000 each ; the company finally retired the ancient V8 and introduced the Virage range — the first new Aston launched in 20 years.

In addition, a 2010 Cochrane Collaboration review of trials of Risperidone, one of the biggest selling antipsychotics and the first of the new generation to become available in generic form, found only marginal benefit compared with placebo and that, despite its widespread use, evidence remains limited, poorly reported and probably biased in favor of risperidone due to pharmaceutical company funding of trials.

For instance a Chinese company wishing to raise more money may issue a depository receipt on the New York Stock Exchange, as the amount of capital on the local exchanges is limited.

In 1977, the Bank set up a wholly owned subsidiary called Bank of England Nominees Limited ( BOEN ), a private limited company, with two of its hundred £ 1 shares issued.

This was converted to a public limited company, British Steel PLC, and privatised in 1988.

If more than 75 % of members voted in favour, the building society would then become a limited company like any other.

For example, the nature of the business entity may be one that is traded on a public market ( public company ), not traded on a public market ( a private, limited or closely held company ), owned by family members ( a family business ), or exempt from income taxes ( a non-profit, not for profit, or tax-exempt entity ).

This prohibition is much less flexible than the prohibition against the transactions with the company, and attempts to circumvent it using provisions in the articles have met with limited success.

The proprietary limited company is a statutory business form in several countries, including Australia.

But their freedom of policy is limited by the pattern of predisposition with which they and the people around them enter the crisis.

It happens in the territory of the Leopoldville government, which is itself a fiction, demonstrably incapable of governing, and commanding only such limited credit abroad as UN support gives it.

The editorial was based on a news association dispatch which said that the telegraphers had secured an agreement whereby they were guaranteed 40 hours' pay per week whether they worked or not and that a reduction in their number was limited to 2 per cent per year.

Control would be limited to those rodents for which economical means of control are known.

Our military forces must be capable of contending successfully with any contingency which may be forced upon us, from limited emergencies to all-out nuclear general war.

But in the case of moving targets, and targets which have limited mobility, what will their location be when it is time to destroy them??

One or two of the schools have a five year curriculum, but the usual pattern of American education has limited most of them to the four-year plan which seems to be the minimum in acceptable institutions.

A careful student has suggested that `` In any new revision ( of the Judicial Code ) the legislators would do well to remember that the allocation of power to the federal courts should be limited to those matters in which their expertise in federal law might be used, leaving to the state judiciaries the primary obligation of pronouncing state law ''.

Further, and as an evidence of legislative intent only, the Senate of the United States recently defeated by a substantial majority the `` Holland Amendment '' to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which would have specifically limited the regulatory authority of the Secretary in these matters.

The historian can only point out those lines which were major enough to find reflection in our limited evidence, and must hope that future excavations will enrich our understanding.

Ripe Geometric potters continued to employ the old syntax of ornaments and shapes and made use of the well-defined though limited range of motifs which they had inherited.

This is not, however, the case, and development is a term which we can apply to Hardy only in a very limited sense.

`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender: The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a struggle to the death between total virtue and total evil, with the result that the war had absolutely to be fought to the complete destruction of the enemy's power, no matter what disadvantages or complications this might involve for the more distant future ''.

Lincoln understood that the Federal government's power to end slavery was limited by the Constitution, which before 1865, committed the issue to individual states.

It has rudimentary eyes covered in skin which are probably limited to discerning differences in light intensity.

; Fixed effect: An effect associated with an input variable that has a limited number of levels or in which only a limited number of levels are of interest to the experimenter.

When Austria became a member of the European Union, the Austrian variety of the German language — limited to 23 agricultural terms — was " protected " in Protocol No 10, regarding the use of specific Austrian terms of the German language in the framework of the European Union, which forms part of the Austrian EU accession treaty.

Research is limited by its short half-life, which prevents the creation of weighable quantities.

To distinguish abbots from bishops, it was ordained that their mitre should be made of less costly materials, and should not be ornamented with gold, a rule which was soon entirely disregarded, and that the crook of their pastoral staff ( the crosier ) should turn inwards instead of outwards, indicating that their jurisdiction was limited to their own house.

* Extent of the atonement – Arminians, along with four-point Calvinists or Amyraldians, hold to a universal drawing and universal extent of atonement instead of the Calvinist doctrine that the drawing and atonement is limited in extent to the elect only, which many Calvinists prefer to call ' particular redemption '.

Agrippina and her younger sisters Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla received various honors from their brother, which included but were not limited to:

However, the energy must be imparted over a limited distance ( determined by arm length ) and therefore ( because the projectile is accelerating ) over a limited time, so the limiting factor is not work but rather power, which determined how much energy can be added in the limited time available.