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lineages and many
Gould suggests that the extraordinary diversity of the fossils indicate that life forms at the time were much more diverse than those that survive today, and that many of the unique lineages were evolutionary experiments that became extinct.
The phenomenon of convergent evolution is however responsible for many cases where there are misleading similarities in the morphology of groups that evolved from different lineages.
The patterns seen today indicate that beetles went through a massive adaptive radiation early in their evolutionary history, with many of the resulting lineages flourishing through hundreds of millions of years to the present.
South America was originally part of the supercontinent of Gondwana, which included Africa, Australia, India, New Zealand, and Antarctica, and the Neotropic shares many plant and animal lineages with these other continents, including Marsupial mammals and the Antarctic flora.
Thus, many believed that tribes organize links between families ( including clans and lineages ), and provide them with a social and ideological basis for solidarity that is in some way more limited than that of an " ethnic group " or of a " nation ".
The reduction or loss of the shell has evolved many times independently within several very different lineages of gastropods.
Polyploidy is pervasive in plants and some estimates suggest that 30 – 80 % of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy ( paleopolyploidy ) in their genomes.
All plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cycle.
While, compared to many other insect groups, fleas have been studied and classified fairly thoroughly, details still remain to be learned about the evolutionary relationships among the different flea lineages.
Songbirds form one of the two major lineages of extant perching birds, the other being the Tyranni which are most diverse in the Neotropics and absent from many parts of the world.
Not knowing the fact that at the time of dispersal, the Indian Ocean was much narrower than it is today, and that South America was closer to the Antarctic, one would be hard pressed to explain the presence of many " ancient " lineages of perching birds in Africa, as well as the mainly South American distribution of the suboscines.
In many non-Cuban lineages female Awo Ifa are becoming common.
Exoskeletons have evolved independently many times ; 18 lineages evolved calcified exoskeletons alone.
or Kukishinden-ryū, originally " Nine Gods Spirit School " ( also translated as " Nine Demon Gods School " by many modern groups having different lineages ) is a Japanese martial art allegedly founded in the 14th century CE by Kuki Yakushimaru Ryūshin ( Yakushimaru Kurando ).
The enormous modern clans sometimes share ancestral halls with one another, but actually consist of many different lineages gathered under a single name.
They determined that the late-20th-century Sylviidae united at least 4, but probably as many as 7 major distinct lineages.
Among the many Buddhist lineages he studied, practiced and transmitted the three main lineages were the Lineage of the Profound Action transmitted by Maitreya / Asaṅga, Vasubandhu, the Lineage of Profound View transmitted by Manjushri / Nagarjuna, Chandrakirti, and the Lineage of Profound Experience transmitted by Vajradhara / Tilopa, Naropa.
The most problematic, the Pteromalidae, is, in some classifications, supposed to contain as many as 8 independent lineages, grouped together because of superficial similarities.
Outside of the Parasitica, many other Hymenopteran lineages that include parasitoids, such as most of the Chrysidoidea and Vespoidea, and the rare Symphytan family Orussidae.
The latter, however, are embedded in a paraphyletic catbird-Caribbean thrasher assemblage which consists of many rather basal lineages.
While vicariance would suggest this represents an ancient distribution limited to the Mesozoic supercontinent Gondwana, the fossil record suggests advanced lungfish had a widespread freshwater distribution and the current distribution of modern lungfish species reflects extinction of many lineages following the breakup of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia.
However, there is rampant hybridization between many members of this family – particularly in the Silenoideae / Caryophylloideae – and it has been found that in some the lineages of descent are highly complicated and do not readily yield to cladistic analysis.
Halfdan the Old ( Old Norse: Hálfdanr gamli and Hálfdanr inn gamli ) was an ancient, legendary king from whom descended many of the most notable lineages of legend.
Several other lineages of maniraptors show adaptations for an omnivorous diet, including seed-eating ( some troodontids ) and insect-eating ( many avialans and alvarezsaurs ).

lineages and varieties
However, another recent study on the mitochondrial DNA of koi have found that koi are descended from multiple lineages of common carp from both Western Eurasian and East Asian varieties.
These varieties or spiritual lineages as they are called are practiced throughout areas of Nigeria, the Republic of Benin, Togo, Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Uruguay and Venezuela among others.

lineages and continued
Saga Domain and its sub-domains continued to be ruled by the Nabeshima clan, its various illegitimate family lineages and members of the former Ryūzōji clan, and politically the area was relatively stable.
Jodo Shu through the Chinzei lineage continued to develop until the 8th Patriarch, Sh &# 333 ; gei ( 聖冏, 1341-1420 ) who formalized the training of priests ( rather than training under Tendai or Shingon lineages ), thus formally establishing it as an independent sect.

lineages and through
The Herald < nowiki >' s </ nowiki > history can be traced back through two lineages, the Daily Advertiser and the old Boston Herald, and two media moguls, William Randolph Hearst and Rupert Murdoch.
The presence of this adaptation in three distinct evolutionary lineages suggests convergent evolution of this strategy, it being unlikely to be an ancient characteristic retained in only scattered groups or through massive lateral gene transfer.
This was the first time that the duchy had a monarch who had no claim to inheritance of the medieval patrimony ( as lineages through his mother and wife had a better entitled claimant, the Prussian king himself ).
However, the family lineages went through traumatic changes beginning in the eighth century due to major social stratification, followed by Assyrian incursions.
Examination of phylogenetic frameworks reveals that dental occlusion developed independently in several lineages through dental and mandibular morphologes, suggesting that the evolution and radiation of tetrapod herbivores occurred simultaneously within various lineages.
Through exogamy, otherwise unrelated households or lineages will form relationships through marriage, thus strengthening social solidarity.
The fact that mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) is inherited maternally enables the matrilineal lines ( or lineages ) of individuals to be traced scientifically through genetic analysis, see main article, above.
Oduduwa is considered as the first of the contemporary dynasty of kings of Ife, a figure who sent his sons and daughters out with crowns to rule over all of the other Yoruba kingdoms, which is why all royal Yoruba lineages claim ambilineal descent from its line of kings and, through it, from Oduduwa.
Over a century later, evolutionary biologists still use tree diagrams to depict evolution because such diagrams effectively convey the concept that speciation occurs through the adaptive and random splitting of lineages.
There are two lineages of African subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata in the Americas: actual matrilinial descendants of the original escaped queens and a much smaller number that are African through hybridization.
As a matter of practical convenience the shapes and arrangement of the different sclerites provide most of the morphological features that are used as characters when reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships among different lineages ; they provide the foundation for arthropod systematics, primarily through the ability of the systematist to assess the homologies of the different sclerites, as to how they may be lost, gained, fused, divided, or otherwise modified from one lineage to another.
Unilineal lineages can be matrilineal or patrilineal, depending on whether they are traced through mothers or fathers, respectively.
: With 397 enrolled members in 2000, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe comprises " all of the known surviving Native American lineages aboriginal to the San Francisco Bay region who trace their ancestry through the Missions Dolores, Santa Clara and San Jose " and who descend from members of the historic Federally Recognized Verona Band of Alameda County.
is one of the mainstream major schools of Japanese Buddhism and one of the few surviving Esoteric Buddhist lineages that started in the 3rd to 4th century CE that originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra.
* A History of Tendai lineages up through the end of the Heian Period
He is considered the central figure in the revival of Joseon Buddhism, and most major streams of modern Korean Seon trace their lineages back to him through one of his four main disciples: Yu Jeong ( 1544 – 1610 ); Eongi ( 1581 – 1644 ), Taeneung ( 1562 – 1649 ) and Ilseon ( 1533 – 1608 ), all four of whom were lieutenants to Seosan during the war with Japan.
The resulting school of thought was vicariance biogeography, which explained the origin of new lineages through geological events like the drifting apart of continents or the formation of rivers.
These arts have spread around the world through multiple lineages, not all of which agree on a common historical narrative.
) The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe states that: " all of the known surviving Native American lineages aboriginal to the San Francisco Bay region who trace their ancestry through the Missions Dolores, Santa Clara and San Jose " and who descend from members of the historic Federally Recognized Verona Band of Alameda County.
N. c. limnaeetus appears for all that can be said with reasonable certainty basal pool of lineages in the crestless group that, despite not being monophyletic, should be considered a valid taxon as long as gene flow is possible through its range.
He identifies the main difference between profane and sacred knowledge: the former ignores the notion of realization (" moksha " or " delivrance " in the Hindu doctrines ), while the latter provides effective means for realizing the Supreme Principle ( through initiation, mantra or dhikr recitation, orthodox spiritual lineages ).
Amidst the global period of intellectual confusion and disorder that characterizes modernity according to René Guénon, the East has maintained alive, through uninterrupted spiritual lineages, an intellectual ( possibly hidden ) elite fully conscious of the original wisdom transmitted to humanity from time immemorial.

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