A classic application for a pair of class-A devices is the long-tailed pair, which is exceptionally linear, and forms the basis of many more complex circuits, including many audio amplifiers and almost all op-amps.

Its input stage used a long-tailed triode pair with loads matched to reduce drift in the output and, far more importantly, it was the first op-amp design to have two inputs ( one inverting, the other non-inverting ).

A common circuit using this last technique is the long-tailed pair, often seen in television sets and oscilloscopes.

The long-tailed pair was originally implemented using a pair of vacuum tubes.

The long-tailed pair was developed from earlier knowledge of push-pull circuit techniques and measurement bridges.

The earliest circuit that is truly recognizable as a long-tailed pair in its conventional form is given by Matthews ( 1934 ) and the same circuit form appears in a patent submitted by Alan Blumlein in 1936.

The long-tailed pair has many attributes as a switch: largely immune to tube ( transistor ) variations ( of great importance when machines contained 1, 000 or more tubes ), high gain, gain stability, high input impedance, medium / low output impedance, good clipper ( with not-too-long tail ), non-inverting ( EDSAC contained no inverters!

A differential ( long-tailed, emitter-coupled ) pair amplifier consists of two amplifying stages with common ( emitter, source or cathode ) degeneration.

Figure 2: A classic long-tailed pair

Figure 3: An improved long-tailed pair with current mirror | current-mirror load and constant-current biasing

In discrete electronics, a common arrangement for implementing a differential amplifier is the long-tailed pair, which is also usually found as the differential element in most op-amp integrated circuits.

A long-tailed pair can be used as an analog multiplier with the differential voltage as one input and the biasing current as another.

In more primitive, long-tailed pterosaurs (" rhamphorhynchoids ") such as Rhamphorhynchus, the average growth rate during the first year of life was 130 % to 173 %, slightly faster than the growth rate of alligators.

The Philippine Eagle was known initially as the Philippine Monkey-Eating Eagle because it was believed to feed on monkeys ( the only monkey native to the Philippines is the Philippine long-tailed macaque ) almost exclusively ; this has proven to be inaccurate.

The word " quetzal " was originally used for just the Resplendent Quetzal, the famous long-tailed quetzal of Central America, which is the national bird and the name of the currency of Guatemala.

The pelvic region, including the sacral vertebrae, were bear-like, as was the short tail composed of 13 vertebrae — about half the number of long-tailed cats.

Presumably, individuals had been sighted many times during the years when it was " extinct ", but mistaken for an especially slender and long-tailed example of the otherwise similar red-legged or red-necked pademelon.

The long-tailed planigale was described in 1906 by Oldfield Thomas, who placed it in the genus Phascogale.

The original character 猓, with the " dog radical " 犭and a guǒ 果 phonetic, was considered condescending, comparable to the Chinese name guǒran 猓然 " a long-tailed ape ".

In a subsequent 1846 paper describing a new species of long-tailed ' pterodactyl ', von Meyer decided that the long-tailed forms of Pterodactylus were different enough from the short-tailed forms to warrant placement in a subgenus, and he named his new species Pterodactylus ( Rhamphorhynchus ) gemmingi after a specimen owned by collector Captain Carl Eming von Gemming that was later by von Gemming sold for three hundred guilders to the Teylers Museum in Haarlem.

It was not until 1847 that von Meyer elevated Rhamphorhynchus to a full-fledged genus, and officially included in it both long-tailed species of Pterodactylus known at the time, R. longicaudus ( the original species preserving a long tail ) and R. gemmingi.

The car's exterior design was inspired by the short-nosed, long-tailed Le Mans racers of the time, but was able to seat four adults in comfort, despite being just high.

Barosaurus ; Greek barys / βαρυς meaning ' heavy ' and saurus / σαυρος meaning ' lizard ', ' heavy lizard ') was a giant, long-tailed, long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur closely related to the more familiar Diplodocus.

A colorful peacock-like long-tailed flying creature about 2 ft tall was a usual sighting too, until illegal deforestation took place in less than a decade ago.

Oryzomys nelsoni was a large and long-tailed Oryzomys ; its tail was longer than that of any other western Mexican Oryzomys.

Until now the false gharial was thought to have a diet similar to its relative the true gharial, i. e. only fish and very small vertebrates, but new evidence and occurrences have proven that the false gharial's broader snout has enabled larger individuals to prey on larger vertebrates including Proboscis monkeys, long-tailed macaques, deer and fruit bats.

Known only from a single specimen, the holotype consists of a virtually complete articulated skull and skeleton, it shared its corporal characteristics with most other Mesozoic mammals ; it was a long-tailed, nocturnal tetrapod ( with prehensile fingers and toes ) which hunted insects, its food, during the night.

It was later seen by Campbell in 1931 in a long-tailed macaque imported from Singapore to the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in India.

Mid-sized and usually long-tailed species ; sometimes strongly patterned but generally very drab in overall coloration.

The head shape aside ( which in any case is not obvious from all angles ), the long-tailed planigale looks rather like a very small mouse with a long, bare tail.

The animal is a long-tailed arboreal species, identified by a mostly brown appearance, dark face ( with paler lower face ) and a very shy nature.

They are often very conspicuous, particularly when the long-tailed males are incubating.

Basal traits though, are the retention of pterygoid teeth and the flexibility of the tail, which lacks the very long stiffening vertebral extensions other long-tailed pterosaurs possess.

Some paleobiologists report that, based on computer models of their biomechanical capabilities, certain long-tailed dinosaurs such as Apatosaurus and Diplodocus may have possessed the ability to flick their tails at supersonic velocities, possibly used to generate an intimidating booming sound.

In February 2012 Colmans ', the company whose mustard is used by the club for its initiation rites, launched a TV advert in the UK featuring a comic minotaur character who is dressed in the Bullingdon Club uniform of teal blue long-tailed frock coat and mustard yellow waistcoat ; and whose voice, mannerisms and blonde haircut all parody those of former club member and London Mayor Boris Johnson.

A red lacquerware food tray with gold foil engraving designs of two long-tailed birds and a peony, dated 12th to early 13th century.

In the early 1960s, 680 long-tailed males were examined that are contained in collections of the British Museum of Natural History, Chicago Natural History Museum, Peabody Museum, Carnegie Museum, American Museum of Natural History, United States National Museum and Royal Ontario Museum.

: Macrocranion, an early long-tailed hedgehog

The female widow bird will desire to mate with the most attractive long-tailed male so that her progeny, if male, will themselves be attractive to females of the next generation-thereby fathering many offspring who will carry the female's genes.

An equivalent way of expressing this is that if most females are looking, for example, for long-tailed males, then each female individually does better to select a long-tailed male, since then her male children are more likely to succeed.

The Nightjar flies at dusk, most often at sundown, a long-tailed, shadowy form with easy, silent moth-like flight ; its strong and deliberate wingbeats alternate with graceful sweeps and wheels with motionless wings.

It is often referred to as the long-tailed macaque because its tail is usually about the same length as its body and because its long tail distinguishes it from most other macaques.

The long-tailed Gentoo penguin ( ), Pygoscelis papua, is a penguin species in the genus Pygoscelis, most closely associated with the Adélie penguin ( P. adeliae ) and the Chinstrap penguin ( P. antarcticus ).

What is unusual about a long-tailed distribution is that the most frequently occurring 20 % of items represent less than 50 % of occurrences ; or in other words, the least frequently occurring 80 % of items are more important as a proportion of the total population.