( The Hawaiian alphabet is sometimes claimed to be as small, but it actually consists of 18 letters, including the ʻokina and five long vowels.

The letters all represent consonants, some of which are matres lectionis, which also indicate long vowels.

The long vowels, which include monophthongs and diphthongs, mostly correspond to the tense vowels used in analyses of Received Pronunciation ( RP ) as well as its centring diphthongs.

There exist pairs of long and short vowels with overlapping vowel quality giving Australian English phonemic length distinction, which is unusual amongst the various dialects of English, though not unknown elsewhere, such as in regional south-eastern dialects of the UK and eastern seaboard dialects in the US .< ref >

** – colon, used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to mark long vowels.

Both long and short forms of the vowels are listed separately in the Hungarian alphabet but members of the pairs a / á, e / é, i / í, o / ó, ö / ő, u / ú and ü / ű are collated in dictionaries as the same letter.

The circumflex is used in ê, î, ô and û generally to indicate long close-mid, as opposed to open-mid vowels, for example in the words wêreld ( world ) and môre ( morning, tomorrow ).

* Maltese sometimes uses diacritics on some vowels to indicate stress or long vowels, but this is restricted to pronunciation assistance in dictionaries.

Macron is often used to render long vowels.

* Romanized Japanese ( Romaji ) uses diacritics to mark long vowels.

The Hepburn romanization system uses a macron to mark long vowels, and the Kunrei-shiki and Nihon-shiki systems use a circumflex.

The problem of the phonetic description of vowels is of long standing, going back to the era of the ancient Indian linguists.

Iota participated as the second element in falling diphthongs, with both long and short vowels as the first element.

Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version.

This is always CV ( consonant onset with vowel nucleus ), such as ka, ki, etc., or V ( vowel ), such as a, i, etc., with the sole exception of the C grapheme for nasal codas usually romanised as n. This structure had some scholars label the system moraic instead of syllabic, because it requires the combination of two syllabograms to represent a CVC syllable with coda ( i. e. CVn, CVm, CVng ), a CVV syllable with complex nucleus ( i. e. multiple or expressively long vowels ), or a CCV syllable with complex onset ( i. e. including a glide, CyV, CwV ).

The words are separated by engraved dots, a common but by no means universal practice, and long vowels are marked by Apex ( diacritic ) | apices.

However, very similar-looking alterations in the systems of long vowels in the West Germanic languages greatly postdate any possible notion of a proto-language innovation ( and cannot readily be regarded as " areal ", either, since English and continental West Germanic were not a linguistic area ).

Therefore, to indicate vowels ( mostly long ), consonant letters are used.

An early method for indicating long vowels using the Hebrew alphabet was to write the consonant letters yod י, waw

Originally א and ה were put only at the end of words, while י and ו were used mainly to write the original diphthongs and, as well as original vowel ++ vowel sequences ( which sometimes simplified to plain long vowels ).

The mater lectionis was developed as early as the 6th century to represent long vowels which were earlier denoted by a dot under the line.

The following languages or transliteration systems use the macron to mark long vowels:

* Transcriptions of Arabic typically use macrons to indicate long vowels — ا ( alif when pronounced ), و ( waw, when pronounced ), and ي ( ya ', when pronounced ).

That said, many individualists are willing to use " we " in reference to government or society as a convenient shorthand as long as the fact that these entities are composed of individuals is kept in mind.

MegaTraveller ( MT ) expands upon the UTP, and allows the referee to codify tasks into a shorthand formula for how hard the task was, what skill and characteristic is crucial to the task, how long the task takes to perform, and what the risks of failure are.

The remarks were distributed privately in transcript form, from shorthand taken by an attender ( Jung reportedly approved the transcript ), and later recorded in Volume 18 of his Collected Works, The Symbolic Life (" For instance, when a member of the Oxford Group comes to me in order to get treatment, I say, ' You are in the Oxford Group ; so long as you are there, you settle your affair with the Oxford Group.

Del is used as a shorthand form to simplify many long mathematical expressions.

' Development ' and ' sustainable development ' similarly are contentious to some people-too long to go into the debates here-but the magazine still uses them as useful shorthand phrases.

After another long pause he asked, `` How many people know who they are ''??

For a brief period each year, the rays of the sun are warm enough to melt some of the snows piled a mile deep at the base of the headwalls, and then the pinnacles glisten in the daytime at high noon, and billions of gallons of water begin their slow seepage under the glaciers and across the rockstrewn hanging valleys on their long, meandering journey to the sea -- running east past the sky-carving massifs of Gurla Mandhata and Kemchenjunga, then turning south and curling down through the jungles of Assam, past the Khasi Hills, and into Bengal, past Sirinjani and Madaripur, until the hard water of the melting snows mingles with the soft drainage of fields and at length fans out to meld with the teeming salt depths of the Bay of Bengal.

Those three other great activities of the Persians, the bath, the teahouse, and the zur khaneh ( the latter a kind of club in which a leader and a group of men in an octagonal pit move through a rite of calisthenics, dance, chanted poetry, and music ), do not take place in buildings to which entrance tickets are sold, but some of them occupy splendid examples of Persian domestic architecture: long, domed, chalk-white rooms with daises of turquoise tile, their end walls cut through to the orchards and the sky by open arches.

The line of an eyebrow, the color of the skin, a ghazal from Hafiz, the purity of spring water, the long afternoon among the boughs which crowd the upper story of a pavilion -- these things are noticed, judged, and valued.

It has been a long time since he has seen any campaign money, and when the proposition is laid down to him as the friends of Mr. Hearst are laying it down these days he is quite likely to get aboard the Hearst bandwagon ''.

Because Bright's speeches were so much a part of him, there are long and numerous quotations, which, far from making the biography diffuse, help to give us the feel of the man.

Pohl and Kornbluth's ad men have long since thrown out appeals to reason and developed techniques of advertising which tie in with `` every basic trauma and neurosis in American life '', which work on the libido of consumers, which are linked to the `` great prime motivations of the human spirit ''.

Around that statue in the green park where children play and lovers walk in twos and there is a glowing view of the whole city, in that park are the rows of marble busts of Garibaldi's fallen men, the ones who one day rushed out of the Porta San Pancrazio and, under fire all the way, up the long, straight narrow lane to take, then lose the high ground of the Villa Doria Pamphili.

The probable answer is that it will do so just as long as Russia can exercise a veto in favor of chaos and until young African nations wake up to the truth that out of false pride they are visiting ruin on Central Africa.

Gov. John M. Dalton, himself a lawyer and a man of long service in government, spoke with rich background and experience when he said in an address here that lawyers ought to quit sitting in the Missouri General Assembly, or quit accepting fees from individuals and corporations who have controversies with or axes to grind with the government and who are retained, not because of their legal talents, but because of their government influence.

Because, honey, I thought silently, there are plenty of desert islands in every marriage -- long periods when you're hopelessly stranded, together.

Some of the stumps are as much as three feet long, but most of them have been flattened by the pressure of the overlying sediments.

As Critic Walter Kerr points out: `` Adaptations, so long as they are good, still qualify as creative ''.

There was an air of blindness in her gray eyes, the startled-horse look that ultimately comes to some women who are born at the end of an ancestral line long since divorced from money-making and which, besides, has kept its estate intact.

As the ungoverned days of the automobile and the airplane are long since relegated to the past, so is the carefree attitude toward what a boatman may and may not do ; ;

Now place 12 pieces 1/2'' '' sq. on this edge as we did before and space them with the 5-3/4'' '' long `` tappets '', as they are called.

Half the manhours you pay for on most jobs are wasted because the job was not planned right, so the right tools were not handy at the right place at the right time, or the right materials were not delivered to the handiest spots or materials were not stacked in the right order for erection, or you bought cheap materials that took too long to fit, or your workmen had to come back twice to finish a job they could have done on one trip.

Laurence M. Klauber put length at maturity at two thirds the ultimate length for some rattlesnakes, and Charles C. Carpenter's data on Michigan garter and ribbon snakes ( Thamnophis ) show that the smallest gravid females are more than half as long as the biggest adults.

He reasons that as anacondas 30 feet long are often found, some might be 38, and occasional `` monstrous freaks '' over 50.

The lower portion permits comparison of maturity levels of short and round bones predominantly, since only two long bones are included in Hand and Wrist as a region.

in working with these patients the therapist eventually gets to do some at least private mulling over of the possible meaning of a belch, or the passage of flatus, not only because he is reduced to this for lack of anything else to analyze, but also because he learns that even these animal-like sounds constitute forms of communication in which, from time to time, quite different things are being said, long before the patient can become sufficiently aware of these, as distinct feelings and concepts, to say them in words.

It is pertinent to ask the question: Has the long upswing of interest rates during the past 15 years just about run its course, and are we now entering a period in which both capital market forces and Federal policies will produce a prolonged decline of interest rates??

But the practice is likely to be misleading, since it may seem to support a conclusion that, as long as the revenues from any class of service cover the imputed operating expenses plus some return on capital investment, however low, the rates of charge for this service are compensatory.

As we think of the long and excruciating pain it must have suffered, we are very likely to say: `` It was a bad thing that the little animal should suffer so ''.

freeways boost valuation less ( because the garages they require are not prime buildings by a long shot ), and reduce the acreage that can be taxed.