Nevertheless, the usage of Treptichnus pedum, a reference ichnofossil for the lower boundary of the Cambrian, for the stratigraphic detection of this boundary is always risky because of occurrence of very similar trace fossils belonging to the Treptichnids group well below the T. pedum in Namibia, Spain and Newfoundland, and possibly, in the western USA.

The Vendian concept was formed stratigraphically top-down, and the lower boundary of the Cambrian became the upper boundary of the Vendian.

The lower boundary of the Vendian was suggested to be defined at the base of the Varanger ( Laplandian ) tillites.

The lower boundary of the Vendian could have a biostratigraphic substantiation as well taking into consideration the worldwide occurrence of the Pertatataka assemblage of giant acanthomorph acritarchs.

The lower boundary GSSP of the Ediacaran is at the base of the cap carbonate ( Nuccaleena Formation ), immediately above the Elatina diamictite in the Enorama Creek section, Brachina Gorge, Flinders Ranges, South Australia.

The GSSP of the upper boundary of the Ediacaran is the lower boundary of the Cambrian on the SE coast of Newfoundland approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as a preferred alternative to the base of the Tommotian Stage in Siberia which was selected on the basis of the ichnofossils Treptichnus pedum.

As to the Treptichnus pedum, a reference ichnofossil for the lower boundary of the Cambrian, its usage for the stratigraphic detection of this boundary is always risky because of the occurrence of very similar trace fossils belonging to the Treptichnids group well below the T. pedum in Namibia, Spain and Newfoundland, and possibly, in the western United States.

Hernando de Alarcón, a Spanish navigator of the 16th century, noted for having led an early expedition to the Baja California peninsula, meant to be coordinated with Francisco Vasquéz de Coronado's overland expedition, and for penetrating the lower Colorado River, perhaps as far as the modern California-Arizona boundary.

The lower ( Triassic ) boundary is set by the Permian-Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90 % to 96 % of marine species and 70 % of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct.

His argument relies on the assumption that boundary conditions supply degrees of freedom that instead of being random are determined by higher level realities whose properties are dependent, but distinct, from the lower level from which they emerge.

Mesoscale meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena that has horizontal scales ranging from microscale limits to synoptic scale limits and a vertical scale that starts at the Earth's surface and includes the atmospheric boundary layer, troposphere, tropopause, and the lower section of the stratosphere.

In all cases, microwave includes the entire SHF band ( 3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm ) at minimum, with RF engineering often putting the lower boundary at 1 GHz ( 30 cm ), and the upper around 100 GHz ( 3 mm ).

* Proterozoic: this eon refers to the time from the lower Cambrian boundary, 542 Ma, back through 2500 Ma.

** Neoproterozoic: The youngest geologic era of the Proterozoic Eon, from the Cambrian Period lower boundary ( 542 Ma ) back to 1000 Ma.

Other tributaries of the Warta within Poznań are the Junikowo Stream ( Strumień Junikowski ), which flows through southern Poznań from the west, meeting the Warta just outside the city boundary in Luboń ; the Bogdanka and Wierzbak, formerly two separate tributaries flowing from the north-west and along the north side of the city centre, now with their lower sections diverted underground ; the Główna, flowing through the neighbourhood of the same name in north-east Poznań ; and the Rose Stream ( Strumień Różany ) flowing east from Morasko in the north of the city.

In all cases, microwave includes the entire SHF band ( 3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm ) at minimum, with RF engineering often putting the lower boundary at 1 GHz ( 30 cm ), and the upper around 100 GHz ( 3mm ).

In its lower course, it forms part of the boundary between the two states and empties into Sabine Lake, an estuary of the Gulf of Mexico.

It is very likely that further investigations will push back the Sri Lankan lower boundary to match that of South India.

If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, no light can pass through and all of the light is reflected.

Signals in a higher refractive index layer, i. e., duct, tend to remain in that layer because of the reflection and refraction encountered at the boundary with a lower refractive index material.

A drop may form when liquid accumulates at the lower end of a tube or other surface boundary, producing a hanging drop called a pendant drop.

In this way, the athlete keeps the right arm of his opponent straightened and tightly pulled against his right hip / lower abdomen area, which results in an arm bar putting pressure on the right elbow.

In 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain ( IASP ) classified pain according to specific characteristics: ( 1 ) region of the body involved ( e. g., abdomen, lower limbs ), ( 2 ) system whose dysfunction may be causing the pain ( e. g., nervous, gastrointestinal ), ( 3 ) duration and pattern of occurrence, ( 4 ) intensity and time since onset, and ( 5 ) etiology.

Rose spots appear on the lower chest and abdomen in around a third of patients.

The abdomen is distended and painful in the right lower quadrant where borborygmi can be heard.

The ribcage is separated from the lower abdomen by the thoracic diaphragm which controls breathing.

* thoracic abdomen ( stomach, kidney / adrenal, pancreas, spleen, and lower oesophagus )

However, strong clinical evidence showed that presacral neurectomy is more effective in pain relief if the pelvic pain is midline concentrated, and not as effective if the pain extends to the left and right lower quadrants of the abdomen.

* Pain in the lower abdomen, and inflammation ( pain may be confused with a strong stomach pain, it may also feel like a strong cramp ).

Love handles are visible deposits on each side of the abdomen or lower back ( that a hypothetical lover might grab to pull the subject into an embrace ).

The lower plates were in thickness to the knee and 3 / 4 inch thick from knee to abdomen, while the upper plates were 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 inch thick except where additional strength was required at joints such as the shoulder, neck, etc.

Also, there is severe pain on sudden release of deep pressure in the lower abdomen ( rebound tenderness ).

( The twins were attached at the lower abdomen and spine.

The appendix is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, near the right hip bone.

Both features help pollen grains adhere to their bodies, but they also have specialized pollen-carrying structures ; in most bees, this takes the form of a structure known as the scopa, which is on the hind legs of most bees, and / or the lower abdomen ( e. g., of megachilid bees ), made up of thick, plumose setae.

Referee Johnny LoBianco awarded the fight to Durán, insisting that the blow that took down Buchanan was " in the abdomen, not any lower " and that he felt that Buchanan would be unable to continue fighting.

A kidney stone can move from the kidney and become lodged inside the ureter, which can block the flow of urine, as well as cause a sharp cramp in the back, side, or lower abdomen.

The items being made more biofedlic were the pelvis and hip, the headskin and skull, the shoulder element, and the upper and lower abdomen.

Yoga may be effective for some with irritable bowel syndrome, especially poses which exercise the lower abdomen.

However, fashion exploits the navel through low-rise clothing that leaves the midriff or lower abdomen bare.

*-" The veins of the lower extremity, abdomen, and pelvis "-Gray's Anatomy.

However, when the vacuum is created, the abdomen also expands along with the lung, cutting off venous flow back to the heart, leading to pooling of venous blood in the lower extremities.

# Accidents to the lower abdomen may lead to internal or external bleeding.

* sharp pain or a dull ache in the lower abdomen or scrotum

In the case of nonseminomas that appear to be stage I, surgery may be done on the retroperitoneal / Paraaortic lymph nodes ( in a separate operation ) to accurately determine whether the cancer is in stage I or stage II and to reduce the risk that malignant testicular cancer cells that may have metastasized to lymph nodes in the lower abdomen.

Murphy's sign is positive, particularly because of increased irritation of the gallbladder lining, and similarly this pain radiates ( spreads ) to the shoulder, flank or in a band like pattern around the lower abdomen.