Bayer assigned a lower-case Greek letter, such as alpha ( α ), beta ( β ), gamma ( γ ), etc., to each star he catalogued, combined with the Latin name of the star ’ s parent constellation in genitive ( possessive ) form.

A single constellation may contain fifty or more stars, but the Greek alphabet has only twenty-four letters ; when these ran out, Bayer began using lower-case Latin letters: hence s Carinae ( s of the Keel ) and d Centauri ( d of the Centaur ).

Of the various minuscule letter shapes, the inverted-3 form became the basis for lower-case Epsilon in Greek typography during the modern era.

One often finds books of the Iliad and Odyssey cited by the corresponding letter of the Greek alphabet, with upper-case letters referring to a book number of the Iliad and lower-case letters referring to the Odyssey.

In English texts the latitude angle, defined below, is usually denoted by the Greek lower-case letter phi ( φ or ɸ ).

Sigmoid means resembling the lower-case Greek letter sigma ( ς ) or the Latin letter S. Specific uses include:

These are two forms of the lower-case Greek letter phi φ ( n ) is from Gauss ' 1801 treatise Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.

** Particle displacement, a measurement of distance of the movement of a particle in a medium as it transmits a wave ( represented in mathematics by the lower-case Greek letter ξ )

It is probable that he was responsible for the division of the Homeric poems into twenty-four books each ( using capital Greek letters for the Iliad, and lower-case for the Odyssey ), and possibly was the author of the calculation of the days of the Iliad in the Tabula Iliaca.

Particle displacement or displacement amplitude ( represented in mathematics by the lower-case Greek letter ξ ) is a measurement of distance of the movement of a particle from its equilbrium position in a medium as it transmits a wave.

* The lower-case Greek lambda, λ, was used for Latin A in the video game Hλlf-Life, apparently in reference to the use of λ as the symbol for the decay constant ( related to the concept of half-life ).

The title of Pope ( derived from a word, known in Greek as far back as Homer ’ s Odyssey 6: 57, for " Father ") is the most common title for the Bishop of Rome, and, in the traditional Latin abbreviation PP ( sometimes lower-case ), is used in his official signature, e. g. " Benedictus PP XVI ".

The basal part has a ring-shaped central part 0. 5 times 1. 3 mm ( 0. 051 inch ) and a stigmoid -- resembling the letter " S " or the lower-case Greek letter sigma ( ς )-- apex half the 0. 9 mm ( 0. 0395 inch ).

Instead he used capital and lower-case letters, numerals, and every typographical symbol available on his extensive and somewhat eccentric typewriter.

* Letter case, typography, distinction between majuscule ( capital or upper-case ) and minuscule ( lower-case ) letters

The above method has the disadvantage that it can deviate from the standard alphabetical order that human users would expect, particularly due to the unexpected ordering of capital letters before all lower-case ones ( and possibly the unexpected treatment of spaces and other non-letter characters ).

This may be followed by the first letter or letters of the title in lower-case, and / or sometimes the letters a, b, c indicating other printings of the same title.

The Dragon was also unable to display lower-case letters easily.

The upper hierarchy is defined by upper-case letters, followed by lower-case letters, followed by numbers, etc.

Most computers opted not to support lower-case letters.

In all cases, absolute coordinates follow capital letter commands and relative coordinates are used after the equivalent lower-case letters.

Bayer extended his lists up to 67 stars by using lower-case Roman letters (" a " through " z ") then upper-case ones (" A " through " Q ").

The ZX Spectrum character set was expanded from that of the ZX81, which did not feature lower-case letters.

The logo was in Helvetica type with the word " Minutes " spelled in all lower-case letters ; the logo most associated with the show did not appear until about 1974.

In Hungarian notation, a variable name starts with a group of lower-case letters which are mnemonics for the type or purpose of that variable, followed by whatever name the programmer has chosen ; this last part is sometimes distinguished as the given name.

While the notation always uses initial lower-case letters as mnemonics, it does not prescribe the mnemonics themselves.

For example, spiral galaxies whose appearance is intermediate between two of the above classes are often identified by appending 2 lower-case letters to the main galaxy type ( for example56 Sbc for a galaxy that is intermediate between an Sb and an Sc ).

Case-insensitive operations are sometimes said to fold case, from the idea of folding the character code table so that upper-and lower-case letters coincide.

The plural Papal States is usually preferred ; the singular Papal State ( equally correct since it was not a mere personal union ) tends to be used ( normally with lower-case letters ) for the modern State of Vatican City, an enclave within Italy's national capital, Rome.

Carolingian minuscule was used to produce many of the manuscripts from monasteries until the eleventh century and most lower-case letters of today's European scripts derive from it.

In genetics, the common convention is that dominant alleles are written as capital letters and recessive alleles as lower-case letters.

: But the word carries with it, however unjustifiably, a fustian air of decayed scholarship, and, in addition, its use many seem to prejudge the answer to an important question: do we have here an institution, a capitalized ' Witan ', as it were, or merely a lower-case ad hoc gathering of the wise men who were the king's councillors.

Prior to the widespread use of word processors, bullets were often denoted either by a lower-case “ o ” filed-in with ink or by asterisks (*), and several word processors automatically convert asterisks to bullets if used at the start of line.

Variant pi or " pomega " ( or ϖ ) is a glyph variant of lower case pi sometimes used in technical contexts as though it were a lower-case omega with a macron, though historically it is simply a cursive form of pi, with its legs bent inward to meet.

Unlike the italic type of today, the capital letters were upright roman capitals which were shorter than the ascending lower-case italic letters and used about 65 tied letters ( ligatures ) in the Aldine Dante and Virgil of 1501.

The DCC-Studio application however was a useful application that made it possible to copy audio from tape to hard disk and vice versa, edit track titles on the PC keyboard ( so all lower-case and upper-case characters and symbols were available ) and write them to tape all at once, edit audio by cutting and pasting fragments, and automatically record mix-tapes.

In 2007 – 2008, as part of the group wide restructuring and re-branding, the group's rail operations were branded as ' National Express ' and the coach fleet received a slightly different livery, retaining the red white and blue theme, but with a new lower-case logo ; coaches started appearing in the new livery from December 2007.

Similar work was carried out on the rest of the fleet over the next 21 months at Bombardier's Ilford Depot, where the units were repainted into their original white colour, but with dark blue doors, and branded with both " national express " and " c2c " logos in lower-case.

Before the development of lower-case letters in the 8th century, texts in the Latin alphabet were written in a single case, which is now considered to be capital letters.

These were only for use in PRINT statements, as lower-case commands and variables were not accepted as with almost all BASIC programming machines.

Quickly the fleets both turned all-over red again, and were given back their old logos, albeit in lower-case lettering rather than capitals.

There were no instructions on how to use the site, e. g. that to search for a movie, you had to enter the title in all lower-case letters, each word in the title connected by a _.

The calls were chosen because the lower-case Q closely resembled the number 9, hence the station's frequency 99. 9.