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luminous and efficiency
The luminous efficiency and resolution of single stages, fiber couplers, and finally of the composite tube will be computed.
The luminous gain of a single stage with Af ( flux gain ) is, to a first approximation, given by the product of the photocathode sensitivity S ( amp / lumen ), the anode potential V ( volts ), and the phosphor conversion efficiency P ( lumen/watt ).
The candela ( or ; symbol: cd ) is the SI base unit of luminous intensity ; that is, power emitted by a light source in a particular direction, weighted by the luminosity function ( a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths, also known as the luminous efficiency function ).
One of the key advantages of LED-based lighting sources is high luminous efficiency.
* In 1924 it established the standard photopic observer defined by the spectral luminous efficiency function V ( λ ), followed in 1951 by the standard scotopic observer defined by the function V ’( λ ).
Because of their low efficiency, ADAFs are much less luminous than the Shakura-Sunyaev thin discs.
The luminosity function or luminous efficiency function describes the average spectral sensitivity of human visual perception of brightness.
Hence, when heated by a kerosene or liquified petroleum gas flame, the mantle emits radiation that is mostly visible light, with relatively little energy in the unwanted infrared, increasing the luminous efficiency.
Two very similar measurement systems were created to bridge the scotopic and photopic luminous efficiency functions, creating a Unified System of Photometry.
Full cutoff streetlights also reduce light pollution by reducing the amount of light that is directed at the sky which also improves the luminous efficiency of the light.
The Eagle also featured new technology to improve luminous efficiency of its headlamp system, afford greater styling freedom, and having a rectangular frontal aspect.
Metal-halide lamps have high luminous efficacy of around 75-100 lumens per watt, about twice the efficiency of mercury vapor lights and 3 to 5 times that of incandescent lights, moderately long bulb life ( 6, 000 to 15, 000 hours, a little shorter than mercury lamps ) and produce an intense white light.
The luminous efficacy of a source is a measure of the efficiency with which the source provides visible light from electricity.

luminous and Af
The luminous flux gain of a single stage is given by: Af.
The following table ( 14-2 ) lists the ( luminous ) gain values computed according to Eq. ( 6 ) with Af.

luminous and depends
Uniformly white or grey screens are used almost exclusively as to avoid any discoloration to the image, while the most desired brightness of the screen depends on a number of variables, such as the ambient light level and the luminous power of the image source.

luminous and on
Michelangelo found the rabbi in the room of study, a gentle old man with a white beard and luminous grey eyes, robed in black gabardine with a skullcap on his head.
The course of the rays in the meridional section is no longer symmetrical to the principal ray of the pencil ; and on an intercepting plane there appears, instead of a luminous point, a patch of light, not symmetrical about a point, and often exhibiting a resemblance to a comet having its tail directed towards or away from the axis.
H. luminous takes the listener on a shamanic journey of humankind's transformation and evolution from homo sapiens to homo luminous.
Dark matter's existence is inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter and gravitational lensing of background radiation, and was originally hypothesized to account for discrepancies between calculations of the mass of galaxies, clusters of galaxies and the entire universe made through dynamical and general relativistic means, and calculations based on the mass of the visible " luminous " matter these objects contain: stars and the gas and dust of the interstellar and intergalactic medium.
The conventional SI system of units is based on seven basic dimensional quantities, namely distance, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity.
A star remains near its initial position on the main sequence until a significant amount of hydrogen in the core has been consumed, then begins to evolve into a more luminous star.
Riding Couple ( 1907 ) depicts a man on horseback, holding a woman with tenderness and care as they ride past a Russian town with luminous walls across a river.
Bramante's work in the city, which included Santa Maria presso San Satiro ( a reconstruction of a small 9th-century church ), the beautiful luminous tribune of Santa Maria delle Grazie and three cloisters for Sant ' Ambrogio, drew also on his studies of the Early Christian architecture of Milan such as the Basilica of San Lorenzo.
Based on measurements of a taper-type, paraffin wax candle, a modern candle typically burns at a steady rate of about 0. 1 g / min, releasing heat at roughly 80 W. The light produced is about 13 lumens, for a luminous efficacy of about 0. 16 lumens per watt ( luminous efficacy of a source )-almost a hundred times lower than an incandescent light bulb.
The SI unit, the candela, was in fact based on an older unit called the candlepower, which represented the luminous intensity emitted by a candle made to particular specifications ( a " standard candle ").
The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area.
The luminous blue variable Eta Carinae taken with the NACO near-infrared adaptive optics instrument on ESOs Very Large Telescope.
One can think of luminous flux ( measured in lumens ) as a measure of the total " amount " of visible light present, and the illuminance as a measure of the intensity of illumination on a surface.
In the lighting industry, “ cold cathode ” historically refers to luminous tubing which is larger than 20mm in diameter and operates on a current of 120 to 240 milliamps.
AGN are the most luminous persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the universe, and as such can be used as a means of discovering distant objects ; their evolution as a function of cosmic time also provides constraints on models of the cosmos.
The situation focuses primarily on their futile attempts to become millionaires through questionable get rich quick schemes and by buying and selling a variety of low-quality and illegal goods, such as Russian Army camcorders, luminous yellow paint and sex dolls filled with an explosive gas.
It may be based on the phenomenon known as luminous mind in the Pali canon, discussed ( somewhat circularly ) in places such as the following in the Anguttara Nikaya:
In this work Jevons embodied the substance of his earlier works on pure logic and the substitution of similars ; he also enunciated and developed the view that induction is simply an inverse employment of deduction ; he treated in a luminous manner the general theory of probability, and the relation between probability and induction ; and his knowledge of the various natural sciences enabled him throughout to relieve the abstract character of logical doctrine by concrete scientific illustrations, often worked out in great detail.
He wrote nothing better than the luminous Appendix to this work on Ambiguous Terms.
The first part of the book is written like a Guinness Book of Records, with paragraphs like " the most luminous star ", " the farthest star ", and so on.

luminous and maximum
The star brightened to about a million times solar luminosity, ensuring that at the time of maximum, V838 Monocerotis was one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
The effective utilization of pointillism facilitated in eliciting a distinct luminous effect, and from a distance, the dots came together as a whole displaying maximum brilliance and conformity to actual light conditions.
| Green light at 555 nm ( maximum possible luminous efficacy )

luminous and radiant
The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of watt per steradian.
At other frequencies, more radiant intensity is required to achieve the same luminous intensity, according to the frequency response of the human eye.
where I < sub > v </ sub >( λ ) is the luminous intensity in candelas, I < sub > e </ sub >( λ ) is the radiant intensity in W / sr and is the standard luminosity function.
Direct sunlight has a luminous efficacy of about 93 lumens per watt of radiant flux.
In optics, Lambert's cosine law says that the radiant intensity or luminous intensity observed from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the observer's line of sight and the surface normal.
‘ meditations involve the realization, when the mind reaches its purest state, of an unconditioned “ Dhamma Body ” ( dhammakaya ) in the form of a luminous, radiant and clear Buddha figure free of all defilements and situated within the body of the meditator.
The CIE luminosity function or is a standard function established by the Commission Internationale de l ' Éclairage ( CIE ) and may be used to convert radiant energy into luminous ( i. e., visible ) energy.
Light with the same radiant intensity at other wavelengths has a lower luminous intensity.
Luminous flux differs from power ( radiant flux ) in that luminous flux measurements reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light, while radiant flux measurements indicate the total power of all light emitted, independent of the eye's ability to perceive it.
The luminous efficacy of radiation describes how well a given quantity of electromagnetic radiation from a source produces visible light: the ratio of luminous flux to radiant flux.
Light with a given amount of radiant energy will have more luminous energy if the wavelength is 555 nm than if the wavelength is longer or shorter.
Light whose wavelength is well outside the visible spectrum has a luminous energy of zero, regardless of the amount of radiant energy present.

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