Artillery may also refer to a system of applied scientific research relating to the design, manufacture and employment of artillery weapon systems although, in general, the terms ballistics and ordnance are more commonly employed in this sense.

Many other formulations were developed in the following decades, generally trying to find the optimum characteristics of a good artillery propellant ; low temperature, high energy, non corrosive, highly stable, cheap, and easy to manufacture in large quantities.

In 1927, Vickers merged with the Tyneside based engineering company Armstrong Whitworth, founded by W. G. Armstrong, to become Vickers-Armstrongs, Ltd. Armstrong Whitworth had developed along similar lines to Vickers, expanding into various military sectors and was notable for their artillery manufacture at Elswick and shipbuilding at a yard at High Walker on the River Tyne.

Frederick Taylor introduced command and control techniques to arsenals, including the U. S .' s Watertown Arsenal ( a principal center for artillery design and manufacture ) and Frankford Arsenal ( a principal center for small arms ammunition design and manufacture ).

He was grateful for the services they provided to him, in the areas of astronomy, diplomacy and artillery manufacture.

Armstrong Whitworth were notable for their artillery manufacture at Elswick and shipbuilding at a yard at High Walker on the River Tyne.

Maratha artillery was outdated, and they did not manufacture their own guns.

At the start of the First World War, in August 1914, in response to the then acute shortage of artillery ammunition Renault suggested that car factories such as Renault could manufacture 75mm shells using hydraulic presses rather than with the usual longer and costlier lathe operations.

The IJA's need to supplement their tank divisions with artillery led to a need for self-propelled guns ( SPGs ), subsequently, the Type 97's chassis were utilized to manufacture nearly a hundred SPGs, consisting primarily of 75 mm guns.

He was engaged in purchasing artillery ranges, and was a member of the Ordnance Board from 1915 – 1916, the commission to investigate the manufacture of munitions in 1916, the Board of Ordnance and Fortification in 1917, and the military mission to British and French armies in 1917.

The same companies and equipment formerly used to manufacture cocktail shakers were used to make artillery shells and other war materials.

The ‘ Mir Atish ’, the ‘ master gunner ’, was responsible for the manufacture, supply of ordnance and was the artillery commander.

Russian heavy artillery, mostly of Western manufacture, reached Smolensk in December 1632 with even heavier guns arriving the following March.

That the place where night after night we had beheld the undaunted Mr. Blackmore make his terrific ascent, surrounded by flames of fire, and peals of artillery, and where the white garments of Madame Somebody ( we forget even her name now ), who nobly devoted her life to the manufacture of fireworks, had so often been seen fluttering in the wind, as she called up a red, blue, or party-coloured light to illumine her temple!

They were not approved for the Army until 1845, when Woolwich began their manufacture -- for coastal artillery only.

As one of the few facilities with the ability to manufacture munitions, it employed 18, 000 people and ran three shifts turning out bombs and artillery shells.

First, in order to modernize the economy from an agricultural base to a manufacture and service base, castle towns were developed as the center and basis of local economies.

The following year, a smithy was established on the ground floor of the North Tower for manufacture of the wrought-iron interior decoration of the castle.

The most famous legent about its manufacture is that it was built by the blacksmith of Threave order to aid James II in the 1452 siege of Threave Castle in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, when the Clan MacLellan used it to batter the castle, and is named after his wife.

In 1710 King Augustus II the Strong established the first European hard-paste porcelain manufacture at the castle under the supervision of Johann Friedrich Böttger.

There is a fairly wide selection of models of English, German and French manufacture from which you can choose from the very small Austin 7, Citroen 2 CV, Volkswagens, Renaults to the 6-passenger Simca Beaulieu.

One manufacturer who held an allegedly basic patent said: `` I would readily put over $50,000 into the manufacture of the device, but it is so easy to make that we would enter immediately into a prolonged ordeal of patent litigation which would eat up all our profits ''.

The problem becomes even more complex where an enterprise is engaged in the manufacture of a wide variety of other goods in addition to the heavy electrical equipment.

It is a popular belief that alchemists made contributions to the " chemical " industries of the day — ore testing and refining, metalworking, production of gunpowder, ink, dyes, paints, cosmetics, leather tanning, ceramics, glass manufacture, preparation of extracts, liquors, and so on ( it seems that the preparation of aqua vitae, the " water of life ", was a fairly popular " experiment " among European alchemists ).

To this day it is used in the manufacture of smoking and glassblowing mouthpieces.

Coarse cloth is almost the only manufacture.

On 4 March 2008, in announcing a partnership with Magna Steyr to outsource manufacture of over 2, 000 cars annually at Graz, Austria, the company stated " The continuing growth and success of the company is based upon Gaydon as the focal point and heart of the business, with the design and engineering of all Aston Martin products continuing to be carried out there.

Preparation is done, often by hand, to manufacture a tip radius sufficient to induce a high electric field, with radii on the order of 100 nm.

Noise is an undesirable but inevitable product of the electronic devices and components ; also, much noise results from intentional economies of manufacture and design time.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

The expenditure of resources involved in the manufacture and distribution of new products is concomitantly reduced by trading existing products.

For example, one application of biotechnology is the directed use of organisms for the manufacture of organic products ( examples include beer and milk products ).

The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons.

Bayonne is now the centre of certain craft industries that were once widespread, including the manufacture of makilas, traditional Basque walking-sticks.

The computer industry is made up of all of the businesses involved in developing computer software, designing computer hardware and computer networking infrastructures, the manufacture of computer components and the provision of information technology services including System Administration and Maintenance.

It is also used as a lubricant and a pigment, as a molding material in glass manufacture, in electrodes for dry batteries and in electroplating and electroforming, in brushes for electric motors and as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors.

Similarly, relatively little energy is used in producing and combining the raw materials ( although large amounts of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > are produced by the chemical reactions in cement manufacture ).

The work of chemists is often related to the work of chemical engineers, which are primarily concerned with the proper design, construction and evaluation of the most cost-effective large-scale chemical plants and work closely with industrial chemists on the development of new processes and methods for the commercial-scale manufacture of chemicals and related products.

* Calcium phosphate ( Ca < sub > 3 </ sub >( PO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 2 </ sub >) is used as a supplement for animal feed, fertilizer, in commercial production for dough and yeast products, in the manufacture of glass, and in dental products.

* Calcium stearate ( Ca ( C < sub > 18 </ sub > H < sub > 35 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub >)< sub > 2 </ sub >) is used in the manufacture of wax crayons, cements, certain kinds of plastics and cosmetics, as a food additive, in the production of water resistant materials and in the production of paints.

PECVD processing allows deposition at lower temperatures, which is often critical in the manufacture of semiconductors.

Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the manufacture of the article under study: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is used to aid the subsequent drying process.

With regard to the manufacture of diaphragm springs, heat treatment is crucial.

Since these stock additions retain the short pistol barrel ( as short as 100 mm ( 4 inches )) they are highly restricted under the NFA unless the shoulder stocks are of original manufacture for the gun and the gun has been " delisted " as outlined in links 1 & 2 in the paragraph above, as is the case with so-equipped " Broomhandle " Mausers and Lugers.