Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts are lost.

Like most biblical books, there are differences between the earliest surviving manuscripts of Acts.

The manuscripts from the Western text-type ( as represented by the Codex Bezae ) and the Alexandrian text-type ( as represented by the Codex Sinaiticus ) are the earliest survivors.

They argue that the oldest copies of this text family are likely to have been lost or destroyed over time with use, and therefore extant manuscripts cannot accurately date a text family.

The manuscripts include twelve letters which are not included in the printed edition of Minḥat Ḳenaot.

In an April 1969 letter to Time, Capp insisted, " The students I blast are not the dissenters, but the destroyers — the less than 4 % who lock up deans in washrooms, who burn manuscripts of unpublished books, who make combination pigpens and playpens of their universities.

The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox receive several additional books in to their canons based upon their presence in manuscripts of the ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, the Septuagint ( although some of these books, such as Sirach and Tobit, are now known to be extant in Hebrew or Aramaic originals, being found amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls ).

It is the most widely copied Old English poem, and appears in 45 manuscripts, but its attribution to Bede is not absolutely certain — not all manuscripts name Bede as the author, and the ones that do are of later origin than those that do not.

The oldest surviving manuscripts of Isaiah are two scrolls found among the Dead Sea Scrolls: dating from about a century before the time of Jesus, they are substantially identical with the Masoretic version which forms the basis of most modern English-language versions of the book.

Freelance writers and authors who aspire to be the next Stephen King and Dan Brown are known to submit manuscripts of their latest literary creations hoping for their big break are only to be bombarded with numerous rejection letters from major publishing houses.

Though the Bible is part of the LDS canon and members believe it to be the word of God, they believe that omissions and mistranslations are present in even the earliest known manuscripts.

The Cantigas are preserved in four manuscripts: To ( códice de Toledo ), T, F ( códice de Florencia ) and E ( códice de los músicos ).

The T and F ( Florence ) manuscripts are sister volumes.

Waterwheel powered drawing mills are pictured in several period manuscripts.

Of these, some 900 are found illustrating manuscripts and the remainder exist as stand-alone documents.

There are 83 known manuscripts of the work from the late medieval and early Renaissance period, more than any other vernacular literary text with the exception of The Prick of Conscience.

There are 83 known manuscripts of the work from the late medieval and early Renaissance period, more than any other vernacular literary text with the exception of The Prick of Conscience.

Fifty-five of these manuscripts are thought to have been complete at one time, while 28 are so fragmentary that it is difficult to ascertain whether they were copied individually or as part of a set.

On one hand, there are transmitted versions and commentaries that date back two millennia ; on the other, there are ancient bamboo, silk, and paper manuscripts that archeologists discovered in the last century.

Tao Te Ching scholarship has lately advanced from archeological discoveries of manuscripts, some of which are older than any of the received texts.

" The Early medieval Codex Argenteus and Codex Vercellensis, the Stockholm Codex Aureus and the Codex Brixianus give a range of luxuriously produced manuscripts all on purple vellum, in imitation of Byzantine examples, like the Rossano Gospels, Sinope Gospels and the Vienna Genesis, which at least at one time are believed to have been reserved for Imperial commissions.

It is believed that the manuscripts were written in the Möll River Valley in Carinthia.

Though the consonants differ little from the text generally accepted in the early 2nd century ( and also differ little from some Qumran texts that are even older ), it has numerous differences of both greater and lesser significance when compared to ( extant 4th century ) manuscripts of the Septuagint, a Greek translation ( made in the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE ) of the Hebrew Scriptures that was in popular use in Egypt and Israel and that is believed by scholars to be the source often quoted in the New Testament.

These were all highly ornate manuscripts ( only the Lapidario survives in its entirety ) containing what was believed to be secret knowledge on the magical properties of stones and talismans.

Family I is the oldest, containing four manuscripts dated to the 8th and 9th centuries but containing 65 titles believed to be copies of originals published in the 6th century.

The Mirabilia section is thought to be not part of the original work, but is believed to have been composed shortly after, and is attached to many, though not all of the manuscripts.

It is believed that many of the earliest Anglo-Saxon manuscripts were lost at this time.

These include the oldest near-complete manuscripts of the New Testament Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209 and Codex Sinaiticus ( believed to date from the early 4th century CE ).

Even if the rather improbable story of Landulf is not to be believed, the existing manuscripts, which only take us back at the earliest to the period of Charlemagne, leave the question of his influence open.

“ Have you believed there is some female, whom the stupid vulgar call Holda in some manuscripts, strigam Holdam, the witch Holda, who is able to do a certain thing, such that those deceived by the devil affirm themselves by necessity and by command to be required to do, that is, with a crowd of demons transformed into the likeness of women, on fixed nights to be required to ride upon certain beasts, and to themselves be numbered in their company?

Although most of these Tang dictionary redactions were believed lost, some fragments were discovered among the Dunhuang manuscripts and manuscripts discovered at Turpan ; and in 1947 a nearly complete manuscript of the 706 edition was found in the Palace Museum.

The special collections, believed to be among the largest in the United Kingdom, include medieval illuminated manuscripts and examples of early European printing, including a Gutenberg Bible, the second largest collection of printing by William Caxton, and the most extensive collection of the editions of the Aldine Press of Venice.

Father Joseph Brucker believed Matteo Ricci's manuscripts indicate there were only approximately ten or twelve Jewish families in Kaifeng in the late 16 – early 17th century, and that they had reportedly resided there for five or six hundred years.

The melody of Credo I first appears in eleventh-century manuscripts, but it is believed to be much older, and perhaps Greek in origin.

In the case of significant differences among Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts of the OT or among Greek manuscripts of the NT, the translators followed what they believed was the original reading and indicated the main alternative ( s ) in footnotes.

Portions of the Jami al-Tawarikh survive in lavishly illustrated manuscripts, believed to have been produced during his lifetime and perhaps under his direct supervision at the Rab '- e Rashidi workshop.

The parallel passage in Mark's gospel gives ( in the majority of manuscripts ) a quite different place name, Dalmanutha, although a handful of manuscripts give either Magdala or Magadan presumably by assimilation to the Matthean text — believed in ancient times to be older than that of Mark, though this opinion has now been reversed.

The Arundell Library, presented in 1837 by Everard, 11th Baron Arundell of Wardour, is the most significant ; it is not only a country-house library from Wardour Castle but also has a notable collection of 250 incunabula, medieval manuscripts and volumes of Jacobite interest, signal among which is Mary Tudor's Book of Hours, which it is believed was given by Mary, Queen of Scots to her chaplain on the scaffold.

Some of his triads are similar to those found in the medieval manuscripts, but some are unique to Morganwg, and are widely believed to have been of his own invention.

There is also the Quaestiones Veteris et Novi Testamenti, which manuscripts have traditionally ascribed to Augustine.

Within a family, manuscripts may have very minor differences in grammatical marks, spelling, and tenses that do not affect the sense.

Whorf's early manuscripts on Hebrew and Maya have been described as exhibiting a considerable degree of mysticism, as he sought to uncover esoteric meanings of glyphs and letters.

It is likely that Bede's work, because it was so widely copied, discouraged others from writing histories and may even have led to the disappearance of manuscripts containing older historical works.

Another difficulty is that manuscripts of early writers were often incomplete: it is apparent that Bede had access to Pliny's Encyclopedia, for example, but it seems that the version he had was missing book xviii, as he would almost certainly have quoted from it in his De temporum ratione.

The latter etymology was first suggested by John Mitchell Kemble who alluded that " of six manuscripts in which this passage occurs, one only reads Bretwalda: of the remaining five, four have Bryten-walda or-wealda, and one Breten-anweald, which is precisely synonymous with Brytenwealda "; that Æthelstan was called brytenwealda ealles ðyses ealondes, which Kemble translates as " ruler of all these islands "; and that bryten-is a common prefix to words meaning ' wide or general dispersion ' and that the similarity to the word bretwealh (' Briton ') is " merely accidental ".

All subsequent manuscripts of the Chronicle use the term Brytenwalda, which may have represented the original term or derived from a common error.

The techniques and sometimes the names have been successfully applied in other disciplines: for example, to determine the relationships between the surviving manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales, or also between 53 manuscripts of the Sanskrit Carakasaṃhitā Vimānasthāna.

The manuscripts have survived in four codices: two at El Escorial, one at Madrid's National Library, and one in Florence, Italy.

Some of these writers have finished incomplete Conan manuscripts by Howard.

Some manuscripts have a subscription at the end of the Epistle:

I have already almost finished emending him by collating a large number of ancient manuscripts, and this I am doing at enormous personal expense.

Two manuscripts are known to have existed, both dated to the late 16th century and written respectively in Italian and in Spanish — although the Spanish manuscript is now lost, its text surviving only in a partial 18th-century transcript.

John Ernest Grabe found an otherwise unreported saying of Jesus, attributed to the Apostle Barnabas, amongst the Greek manuscripts in the Baroccian collection in the Bodleian Library ; which he speculated might be a quotation from this lost gospel ; and John Toland claimed to have identified a corresponding phrase when he examined the surviving Italian manuscript of the Gospel of Barnabas in Amsterdam before 1709.

" Partington suggests that some of the book may have been compiled by Albert's students, " but since it is found in thirteenth century manuscripts, it may well be by Albert.

The ancient manuscripts that preserve the book have different titles, including " The Birth of Mary ", " The Story of the Birth of Saint Mary, Mother of God ," and " The Birth of Mary ; The Revelation of James.

Most of the manuscripts were created by Christian monks, who may well have been torn between the desire to record their native culture and their religious hostility to pagan beliefs resulting in some of the gods being euhemerized.

The translations of Josephus ' writing into other languages have at times included passages that are not found in the Greek texts, raising the possibility of interpolation, but this passage on James is found in all manuscripts, including the Greek texts.

There are about 170 extant Latin translations of Josephus, some of which go back to the sixth century, and according to Louis Feldman have proven very useful in reconstructing the Josephus texts through comparisons with the Greek manuscripts, reconfirming proper names and filling in gaps.

Wells suggests that the interpolation seen by Origen may not have survived in the extant Josephus manuscripts, but that it opens the possibility that there may have been other interpolations in Josephus ' writings.

Paul Maier states that the first case is generally seen as hopeless, given that a Jew, Josephus would not have claimed Jesus as the Messiah, and that the second option is hardly tenable given the presence of the reference in all Greek manuscripts ; thus a large majority of modern scholars accept the third alternative, i. e. partial authenticity.