Advanced networking features in switches and routers combat these issues through means including spanning-tree protocol to maintain the active links of the network as a tree while allowing physical loops for redundancy, port security and protection features such as MAC lock down and broadcast radiation filtering, virtual LANs to keep different classes of users separate while using the same physical infrastructure, multilayer switching to route between different classes and link aggregation to add bandwidth to overloaded links and to provide some measure of redundancy.

Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action urges all governments to take immdiate measure and to develop strong policies to prevent and combat all forms and minifestations of racism, xenophobia or related intolerance, where necessary by enactment of appropriate legislation including penal measure.

The Plan attempted to reduce the money supply by forcibly converting large portions of consumer bank accounts into non-cashable government bonds, while at the same time increasing the printing of money bills, a contradictory measure to combat hyper-inflation.

:" For ... outstanding service ... as Chief of Staff to Commander First Carrier Task Force, Pacific, during action against enemy Japanese forces in the Pacific War from 15 December 1944 to 15 May 1945 ... Commodore Burke was in large measure responsible for the efficient control under combat conditions of the tactical disposition, the operation, the security and the explosive offensive power of his task force in its bold and determined execution of measures designed to force the capitulation of the Japanese Empire ... throughout the seizure of bases at lwo Jima and Okinawa, including two carrier strikes on Tokyo, a carrier strike on the Kure Naval Base, and engagement with the Japanese Fleet on 7 April, in which several hostile man-o-war were destroyed by our aircraft ..."

The Swedish Air Force purchases of various types of Italian combat aircraft in 1939 – 41 were an emergency measure caused by the outbreak of war.

As a counter-espionage measure, many of the British Commonwealth troops involved were not disabused of the fictitious notion that Operation Compass was an exercise until they were very nearly engaged in combat.

As a cost-saving measure, a reduced specification was agreed upon, notably reductions in combat radius to, the top speed to Mach 1. 75 and takeoff run up increased from.

In a few towns in the United Kingdom, the curfew bell is still rung as a continuation of the medieval tradition where the bell used to be rung from the parish church to guide travelers safely towards a town or village as darkness fell, or when bad weather made it difficult to follow trackways and for the villagers to extinguish their lights and fires as a safety measure to combat accidental fires.

As in the Soviet assault on Berlin, as a short term measure they deployed self-propelled anti-aircraft guns ( ZSU-23-4 and 2K22M ) to engage the Chechen combat groups, as their tank's main gun did not have the elevation and depression to engage the fire teams and an armoured vehicle's machine gun could not suppress the fire of half a dozen different fire teams simultaneously.

Its last national congress in Erfurt in March 1932 saw the union attempt to form an underground bureau to combat Hitler's fascists, a measure which was never put into practice as mass arrests decimated the conspirators ' ranks.

While the professed justification for this tax was to repay state expenses for public education, this measure was designed to combat the brain drain caused by the growing emigration of Soviet Jews and other members of the intelligentsia to the West.

This led to the Pakistani brigade group being left extremely vulnerable to air attack, vehicles becoming bogged in terrain not suitable for the movement of armoured vehicles as they tried to deploy off a single track, these being more susceptible to enemy fire by using external fuel storage in tactical combat, attempting to execute a night attack over unfamiliar terrain, and infantry being surprised by obstacles to troop movement causing confusion and stalling the attack during the crucial hours of darkness, when the assaulting infantry still had a measure of concealment from Indian small arms and infantry support weapon fire.

The absence of any specific reference to human rights considerations was remedied in part by Resolution 1456 ( 2003 ) which declared that " States must ensure that any measure taken to combat terrorism comply with all their obligations under international law, and should adopt such measures in accordance with international law, in particular, international human rights, refugee, and humanitarian law.

Elwood has great talent in throwing knives, theft, and ingenuity in combat, but struggles to overcome his sidekick status and measure up to the abilities of his superhuman partners.

While it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of such a subjective term, soldiers who reported in a WWII study that they had a " higher than average " sense of comradery and pride in their unit were more likely to report themselves ready for combat and less likely to fall victim to CSR or other stress disorders.

A new series of economic changes followed: the National Bank of Romania was passed into full public ownership ( December 1946 ), and, in order to combat the Romanian leu's devaluation, a surprise monetary reform was imposed as a stabilization measure in August 1947 ( with disastrous consequences on the livelihoods of middle class citizens ).

This latter measure was considered to be his greatest accomplishment, which aimed to combat sweating and poverty together with reforming the hours and working conditions in shops and factories.

Most were not trained for ground combat and the act was an ad hoc emergency measure.

The protocol aims to combat and prevent transnational smuggling as well as to promote cooperative measures for enhancing protective measures for victims. The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition was adopted to prevent and provide a cooperative measure for illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.

As a final measure, in 1942 all camp personnel were folded into the Waffen-SS to allow for easier rotation of wounded Waffen-SS personnel into camp positions and for camp personnel to be easily transferred into combat units should the need arise.

In April 1904, the fire brigade set the area alight destroying everything in the inferno-a measure allegedly to combat the bubonic plague that had broken out.

On April 8, 1956, at 8 p. m., Staff Sergeant Matthew McKeon, a combat veteran of World War II and the Korean War, led Platoon 71, his assigned platoon of 74 recruits, on an extra exercise to Ribbon Creek as a disciplinary measure.

A free-fire zone in U. S. military parlance is a fire control measure, used for coordination between adjacent combat units.

* Approximate digestibility, in study of dietary efficiency, a rough unit measure of the digestibility of animal feed

The speed at which they do so is a measure of market efficiency.

BPP is a measure of the efficiency of compression.

They had advocated the analysis of reaction time and sensory acuity as measures of " neurophysiological efficiency " and the analysis of sensory acuity as a measure of intelligence.

The quality factor ( or Q ) of an inductor is the ratio of its inductive reactance to its resistance at a given frequency, and is a measure of its efficiency.

Economists measure labour in terms of hours worked, total wages, or efficiency.

*** Operational metrics are used in manufacturing and distribution to measure efficiency and effectiveness.

The Peruvian organization " Ciudadanos al Dia " has started to measure and compare transparency, costs, and efficiency in different government departments in Peru.

The thermodynamic efficiency is a measure of how well it performs compared to an isentropic case.

In wireless networks or cellular systems, the system spectral efficiency in bit / s / Hz / area unit, bit / s / Hz / site or bit / s / Hz / cell, is the maximum system throughput ( aggregate throughput ) divided by the analog bandwidth and some measure of the system coverage ara.

PIT and VASIMR are unique in their ability to trade between power usage, specific impulse ( a measure of efficiency, see specific impulse ) and thrust in-flight.

The efficiency is a measure of the energy contained in the hydrogen compared with the input electrical energy.

SWR is used as an efficiency measure for transmission lines, electrical cables that conduct radio frequency signals, used for purposes such as connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, and distributing cable television signals.

The proportion of electrons able to cross the base and reach the collector is a measure of the BJT efficiency.

Directive gain or directivity is a different measure which does not take an antenna's electrical efficiency into account.

Power gain ( or simply gain ) is a unitless measure that combines an antenna's efficiency E < sub > antenna </ sub > and directivity D:

The Peruvian organization Ciudadanos al Dia has started to measure and compare transparency, costs, and efficiency in different government departments in Peru.

They are used in this way to measure the cost of resources consumed, identify and eliminate non-value-added costs, determine the efficiency and effectiveness of all major activities, and identity and evaluate new activities that can improve future performance.

Kaldor – Hicks efficiency, named for Nicholas Kaldor and John Hicks, also known as Kaldor – Hicks criterion, is a measure of economic efficiency that captures some of the intuitive appeal of Pareto efficiency, but has less stringent criteria and is hence applicable to more circumstances.

The S and NE sectors were later abolished and in 1917, as a wartime measure to improve efficiency, the districts were further subdivided with a number applied to each sub-district.

There are social choice theory definitions of seemingly reasonable criteria that are a measure of the fairness of certain aspects of voting, including non-dictatorship, unrestricted domain, non-imposition, Pareto efficiency, and independence of irrelevant alternatives but Arrow's impossibility theorem states that no voting system can meet all these standards.

In 1917, as a wartime measure to improve efficiency, the districts were further subdivided with a number applied to each sub-district.