The medieval parish church of Gunsbach was shared by the Protestant and Catholic congregations, which held their prayers in different areas at different times on Sundays.

Neighbouring St Fillan's Church is one of the best-preserved medieval parish churches in Scotland, dating largely to the 12th century.

The forms of parish worship in the late medieval church in England, which followed the Latin Roman Rite, varied according to local practice.

The whole act of parish worship might take well over two hours ; and accordingly, churches were equipped with pews in which households could sit together ( whereas in the medieval church, men and women had worshipped separately ).

During much of the later medieval period it was known colloquially by its Scots-speaking inhabitants as " St. John's Toun " or " Saint Johnstoun " because the church at the centre of the parish was dedicated to St. John the Baptist.

Stirling also has its medieval parish church, The Church of the Holy Rude, where King James VI was crowned King of Scots on 29 July 1567.

The first ' Bermondsey ' is that known as the location of an Anglo-Saxon monastery, and known from later charters to be the area around the post-Conquest Bermondsey Abbey and its manor, which was in turn part of the medieval parish.

Sited closer to the original Keston Court than the main village itself, Keston's small medieval church is unusual in that does not have a dedication to a saint, but built into the altar-table is the top of the 17th century altar inlaid with a very elaborate cross and inscribed " The Keston Marke: IN HOC SIGNO VINCES ", so the parish has a distinctive symbol instead.

* Hornsey ( parish ) for the local government unit of which Muswell Hill was part from medieval times to 1867

St Pancras was originally a medieval parish, which ran from close to what is now Oxford Street north as far as Highgate, and from what is now Regent's Park in the west to the road now known as York Way in the east, boundaries which take in much of the current London Borough of Camden, including the central part of it.

Part of Ludham Airstrip, a now shrunken remnant of a larger World War II airbase, is also built on parish lands, and there were a number of defensive structures around the medieval bridge.

The largely medieval church of the Holy Cross was initially a chapel of ease to the parish church at Llanblethian.

Within the municipality there are four churches ; of those the church in Trosa rural parish is from the 13th century ; Västerljung's Church is also from the medieval age ; and the Trosa church is one of few 18th century churches in the area.

A church was erected on the site of the medieval parish church in 1730, and almost within a century that church was ruinous, for a third parish church was built close by in 1850.

As its name indicates, Church Street was at the heart of the original settlement of Uckfield, near the medieval chapel ( built c. 1291 ), which was replaced by the present parish church in 1839.

In medieval times the parish of Aylsham was established as four manors, the main manor of Lancaster, Vicarage manor, Sexton's manor and Bolwick manor.

In the parish church of St. Nicholas can be found the ornate tomb of Sir William Paston ; the remains of medieval painted screens ; a telescopic Gothic font canopy ; a unique Royal Arms Board ; an ancient iron bound chest ; and many other ancient artifacts.

The principal parish church for Acomb is St Stephen's, a Grade II listed building built in 1831-1832 by G T Andrews on the site of the previous medieval church.

In medieval times Frodsham was an important borough and port belonging to the Earls of Chester Its parish church, St. Laurence's, still exhibits evidence of a building present in the 12th century in its nave and is referenced in the Domesday Book.

Widespread in 10th century Anglo-Saxon England, minsters declined in importance with the systematic introduction of parishes and parish churches from the 11th century onwards ; but remained a title of diginity in later medieval England for instances where a cathedral, monastery, collegiate church or parish church had originated with an Anglo-Saxon foundation.

It was built in the 15th and early 16th centuries, when it was the parish church of the prosperous medieval town.

The church has other artefacts of medieval Rugby including the 13th-century parish chest, and a medieval font.

Damaged buildings included the medieval churches of St. Foillan, St. Paul and St. Nicholas, and the Rathaus ( city hall ), although Aachen Cathedral was largely unscathed.

Berlin's best preserved medieval Church of St. Mary's is the 1 < sup > st </ sup > preaching venue – Memorial Church being the 2 < sup > nd </ sup > – of the Bishop of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia ( EKBO ), a Protestant regional church body.

Roughtor was the site of a medieval chapel of St Michael and is now designated as a memorial to the 43rd Wessex Division of the British Army.

The crossbow is portrayed as a hunting weapon on four Pictish stones from early medieval Scotland ( 6th to 9th centuries ): St. Vigeans no.

Doctor Angelicus, St. Thomas Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ), considered by the Catholic Church to be its greatest medieval theologian, is girded by angels with a mystical belt of purity after his Chastity | proof of chastity.

Three main roads date from the medieval period-Holywell Hill, St Peter's Street, and Fishpool Street.

St John's, a remains of the early medieval settlement in modern Budzistowo

Lundy has evidence of visitation or occupation from the Neolithic period onward, with Mesolithic flintwork, Bronze Age burial mounds, four inscribed gravestones from the early medieval period, and an early medieval monastery ( possibly dedicated to St Elen or St Helen ).

Thus late medieval Guilds of St Luke in the cities of Flanders, or the " Accademia di San Luca " ( Academy of St. Luke ) in Rome — imitated in many other European cities during the 16th century — gathered together and protected painters.

* Ulvåsa, manorhouse and medieval ruins of St Bridget's home

Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been preserved by the Muslims, along with the commentaries of Averroes.

This work was available only in fragments in medieval times, but the discovery of a complete copy at the Abbey of St. Gall in 1416 led to its emergence as one of the most influential works on rhetoric during the Renaissance.

Late medieval rhetorical writings include those of St. Thomas Aquinas ( 1225 ?- 1274 ), Matthew of Vendome ( Ars Versificatoria, 1175?

Beyond its religious influences, the Rule of St Benedict was one of the most important written works to shape medieval Europe, embodying the ideas of a written constitution and the rule of law.

Tolkien greatly prefers this motif over the later medieval trend of using the dragon as a symbolic or allegorical figure, such as in the legend of St. George.

Although it was from him that the medieval Norwegian dynasty descended, his historical importance has been obscured by the treatment of Harald Fairhair and St Olaf ( Olaf Haraldsson ) in medieval writings.

* Notker Labeo, mathematician, first medieval commentator on Aristotle, and Benedictine monk from St. Gallen, Switzerland

The head of the college retains the medieval title of the older St Leonard's College, provost.

* On Saint Nicholas Day ( 6 December ), the Niklasmarkt ( Nicholas Market ) commemorates the Niklasspende, a medieval foundation for the poor.

Portrait of Oswolt Krel, a merchant from Lindau ( Lake Constance ), participating in the South German medieval trade corporation Große Ravensburg er Handelsgesellschaft, 1499.

Demai ii. 23a, R. H. 34a ), one of which — that regulating the sounding of the shofar — has since been universally adopted, and is referred to by medieval Jewish casuists as " Takkanat R. Abbahu " ( the Enactment of R. Abbahu ; compare " Maḥzor Vitry ", Berlin, 1893, p. 355 ).

* or Areian: the designation of an inhabitant of Aria ( a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire ; today's Herat ), used by the ancient and medieval Greeks ( as Ἄρ ( ε ) ιοι / Ar ( e ) ioi ) and Romans ( as Arii ).

High medieval sources mention the assassination of King Demetrius Zvonimir ( 1089 ), dying at the hands of his own people, who objected to a proposition by the Pope to go on a campaign to aid the Byzantines against the Seljuk Turks.

Sterntor ( star gate ), a reconstruction of a gate of the medieval city wall

The battle of Högni and Heðinn is recorded in several medieval sources, including the skaldic poem Ragnarsdrápa, Skáldskaparmál ( section 49 ), and Gesta Danorum: king Högni's daughter, Hildr, is kidnapped by king Heðinn.

The ballad probably derives its name from medieval French dance songs or " ballares " ( from which we also get ballet ), as did the alternative rival form that became the French Ballade.

During the Viking Age, Birka ( Birca in medieval sources ), on the island of Björkö ( literally: " Birch Island ") in Sweden, was an important trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as Central and Eastern Europe and the Orient.

The hymns are short poems going back in part to the days of Prudentius, Synesius, Gregory of Nazianzus and Ambrose ( 4th and 5th centuries ), but mainly the work of medieval authors.

Columbanus ( 540 – 23 November 615 ;, meaning " the white dove ") was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries on the European continent from around 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil ( in present-day France ) and Bobbio ( Italy ), and stands as an exemplar of Irish missionary activity in early medieval Europe.

Mail armour provided an effective defence against slashing blows by an edged weapon and penetration by thrusting and piercing weapons ; in fact a study conducted at the Royal Armouries at Leeds concluded that " it is almost impossible to penetrate using any conventional medieval weapon " Generally speaking, mail's resistance to weapons is determined by four factors: linkage type ( riveted, butted, or welded ), material used ( iron versus bronze or steel ), weave density ( a tighter weave needs a thinner weapon to surpass ), and ring thickness ( generally ranging from 18 to 14 gauge in most examples ).

Similarly, the men of the Mountain Land from north of Kabol-River equivalent to medieval Kohistan ( Pakistan ), figure in the army of Darius III against Alexander at Arbela with a cavalry and fifteen elephants.

In medieval Anglo-Saxon England, society was organized, according to Alfred the Great into three hierarchical orders: Gebedmen ( men who pray ), Fyrdmen ( men who fight ), Weorcmen ( men who work ).

A medieval depiction of the Ecumene ( 1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver ), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography ( Ptolemy ) | Geography and using his second map projection.

It has numerous different spellings in medieval French Arthurian romance, including: Camaalot, Camalot, Chamalot, Camehelot ( sometimes read as Camchilot ), Camaaloth, Caamalot, Camahaloth, Camaelot, Kamaalot, Kamaaloth, Kaamalot, Kamahaloth, Kameloth, Kamaelot, Kamelot, Kaamelot, Cameloth, Camelot, Kamelot, Kaamelot, and Gamalaot.

During the Middle Ages, there were various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small amount of the population, the election of Gopala in Bengal region of Indian Subcontinent, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 10 % of population ), the Althing in Iceland, the Løgting in the Faeroe Islands, certain medieval Italian city-states such as Venice, the tuatha system in early medieval Ireland, the Veche in Novgorod and Pskov Republics of medieval Russia, Scandinavian Things, The States in Tirol and Switzerland and the autonomous merchant city of Sakai in the 16th century in Japan.