In recent decades Zilog has refocused on the ever-growing market for embedded systems ( for which the original Z80 and the Z180 were designed ) and the most recent Z80-compatible microcontroller family, the fully pipelined 24-bit eZ80 with a linear 16 MB address range, has been successfully introduced alongside the simpler Z180 and Z80 products.

Bonds were sold against the company to fund the new developments, but after the Internet bubble burst in 2000 and the resultant reduction in customer demand for such products, Curtis Crawford was replaced by James ( Jim ) Thorburn who reorganized the company under Chapter 11 bankruptcy in late 2001 and refocused it back to the 8 and 16 bit microcontroller market.

After the Z80 Zilog introduced the 16-bit Z8000 and 32-bit Z80000 processors, but these were not particularly successful, and the company refocused on the microcontroller market, producing both basic CPUs and application-specific integrated circuits / standard products ( ASICs / ASSPs ) built around a CPU core.

Zilog attempted to enter the 32-bit microcontroller market in February 2006 with the demonstration of ARM9-based Point-Of-Sale ( POS ) microcontroller product line.

* The Zilog Z8 microcontroller ( 1978 ) was one of the first single-chip computers in the market.

An assembly language is a low-level programming language for a computer, microcontroller, or other programmable device, in which each statement corresponds to a single machine code instruction.

The 8051 microcontroller has two, a primary accumulator and a secondary accumulator, where the second is used by instructions only when multiplying ( MUL AB ) or dividing ( DIV AB ); the former splits the 16-bit result between the two 8-bit accumulators, whereas the latter stores the quotient on the primary accumulator A and the remainder in the secondary accumulator B.

This section describes what is generally referred to as the " classic RISC pipeline ", which in fact is quite common among the simple CPUs used in many electronic devices ( often called microcontroller ).

When the only allowed program memory is ROM, the device is known as a microcontroller.

It is believed that the 8-bit AVR architecture and first AVR microcontroller was conceived and designed by two students at the Norwegian Institute of Technology.

Motorola / Freescale Semiconductor's DragonBall, or MC68328, is a microcontroller design based on the famous 68000 core, but implemented as an all-in-one low-power solution for handheld computer use.

The ELF file format is also used with the Atmel AVR ( 8-bit ), AVR32 and with Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller architectures.

Horner's method is a fast, code-efficient method for multiplication and division of binary numbers on a microcontroller with no hardware multiplier.

The Intel 80186 is a microprocessor and microcontroller introduced in 1982.

The processor is usually a single chip 8048 microcontroller variant.

Taken as a whole, the average price for a microprocessor, microcontroller, or DSP is just over $ 6.

The 68HC11 ( 6811 or HC11 for short ) is an 8-bit microcontroller ( µC ) family introduced by Motorola in 1985.

It is a CISC microcontroller.

The Freescale 68HC16 microcontroller is intended as a 16-bit mostly software compatible upgrade of the 68HC11.

They can be easily built by hobbyists, as nothing more than a cheap microcontroller together with an analog multiplexer and a little other circuitry is needed.

A microcontroller ( sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU ) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input / output peripherals.

Where power consumption is important as in battery operated devices, interrupts may also wake a microcontroller from a low power sleep state where the processor is halted until required to do something by a peripheral event.

Other versions may be available where the ROM is accessed as an external device rather than as internal memory, however these are becoming increasingly rare due to the widespread availability of cheap microcontroller programmers.

It is often easier and cheaper to use a standard microcontroller and write a computer program to carry out a control function than to design an equivalent mechanical control function.

51-FORTH is an implementation of the Forth programming language for the Intel 8051 microcontroller.

In case of DSPs there is often a second microprocessor or microcontroller present in the system design, and this is responsible for overall system behavior, interrupt handling, dealing with external events, user interface, etc.

Early versions of these used a specialized microcontroller with a static 68EC000 core ; later versions use a standard MC68SEC000 processor.

A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used as an embedded system.

Typically microcontroller programs must fit in the available on-chip program memory, since it would be costly to provide a system with external, expandable, memory.

The most notable systems with such a design are cell phones, modems, audio and video players and so on, where a DSP and a CPU / microcontroller are co-existing.

Complexity varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.

Consider implementing with a microcontroller chip a simple feedback controller:

A typical vehicle in the early 2000s would have between 20 and 100 individual networked microcontroller / Programmable logic controller modules with non-real-time operating systems.

The contrast with a microcontroller is one of degree.

A sample schematic with one master ( a microcontroller ), three slave nodes ( an analog-to-digital converter | ADC, a digital-to-analog converter | DAC, and a microcontroller ), and pull-up resistor s R < sub > p </ sub >

The Make Controller Kit with an Atmel AT91SAM7X256 ( ARM architecture | ARM ) microcontroller.

A microcontroller or stepper motor controller can be used to activate the drive transistors in the right order, and this ease of operation makes unipolar motors popular with hobbyists ; they are probably the cheapest way to get precise angular movements.

Programming device for a PIC microcontroller, with a dual in-line ZIF socket

) If this trace length condition can't be met, then the microcontroller must be run at a slower bus speed for reliable operation, or a buffer chip with higher current drive must be added.

This product page has use instructions that show general use with a microcontroller.

The microcontroller vendors often trade operating frequencies and system design flexibility against time-to-market requirements from their customers and overall lower system cost.

As of 2008 there are several dozen microcontroller architectures and vendors including:

Most vendors plan to integrate the radio and microcontroller onto a single chip getting smaller devices.