Paper electrophoresis was carried out on the concentrated samples in a Spinco model R cell using barbital buffer, pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.075, at room temperature on Whatman 3MM filter paper.

While there may be several such industries to which the model of this paper is applicable, the authors make particular claim of relevance to the explanation of the course of wages and prices in the steel industry of the United States since World War 2.

Another derivation of the formula, based on a physical reflectance / transmittance model, can be found in a 1981 paper by Bruce A. Wallace.

James Rainwater of Columbia University suggested a model of the nucleus which could explain a non-spherical charge distribution in a 1950 paper.

Einstein published his first paper on relativistic cosmology in 1917, in which he added this cosmological constant to his field equations in order to force them to model a static universe.

A paper model based on the pseudosphere was created by William Thurston, however, it was quite delicate.

A dramatic increase in the velocity of money as the cause of hyperinflation is central to the " crisis of confidence " model of hyperinflation, where the risk premium that sellers demand for the paper currency over the nominal value grows rapidly.

* Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch, a 1: 1 scale paper model of the Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch which may be printed out and glued together.

In Shannon's revolutionary and groundbreaking paper, the work for which had been substantially completed at Bell Labs by the end of 1944, Shannon for the first time introduced the qualitative and quantitative model of communication as a statistical process underlying information theory, opening with the assertion that

The map was popularized in a seminal 1976 paper by the biologist Robert May, in part as a discrete-time demographic model analogous to the logistic equation first created by Pierre François Verhulst.

His seminal paper on this model was published in 1961.

Fermi's paper, written in 1934, unified Pauli's neutrino with Paul Dirac's positron and Werner Heisenberg's neutron-proton model and gave a solid theoretical basis for future experimental work.

In 1990, in a paper entitled " Climate and Smoke: An Appraisal of Nuclear Winter ," TTAPS give a more detailed description of the short-and long-term atmospheric effects of a nuclear war using a three-dimensional model:

A 1972 paper in the journal Science proposed a model for electronic conduction in the melanins.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

The main control panel is just above the desk, the paper tape reader is above it ( metallic ), and the output of the Teletype model BRPE paper tape punch above that ( vertical slot ).

A typical PDP-1 operating procedure was to output text to punched paper tape using the PDP-1's " high speed " ( 60 character per second ) Teletype model BRPE punch, then to hand carry the tape to a Flexowriter for offline printing.

Although no model or workable device was ever made, it is often seen as a link to the concept of punched paper for player piano rolls ( 1880s ), as well as Herman Hollerith's punch card tabulator ( used in the 1890 United States census ), a distant precursor of the modern computer.

However, as already mentioned in the original paper of Franz Wegner, a solid state theorist who introduced 1971 simple gauge invariant lattice models, the high-temperature behaviour of the original model, e. g. the strong decay of correlations at large distances, corresponds to the low-temperature behaviour of the ( usually ordered!

This paper used a 1-d radiative transfer model to examine the competing effects of cooling from aerosols and warming from CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

The United States considers Botswana an advocate of and a model for stability in Africa and has been a major partner in Botswana's development since its independence.

The model mimics the Newtonian law of gravity which also considers distance and physical size between two objects.

Stallman counter-charges that OSI's pragmatic focus on a model for software development and marketing ignores what he considers to be the central " ethical imperative " and the focus on " freedom " that underlies free software, as he defines it, and blurs the distinction with semi-free or wholly proprietary software.

The simplest form of the particle in a box model considers a one-dimensional system.

Tax efficient supply chain management is a business model which considers the effect of tax in design and implementation of supply chain management.

The model considers, not only the changing number of people with certain beliefs, but also attempts to assign utility values of a belief as per each nation.

This can be refined in the vertical to a one-dimensional radiative-convective model, which considers two processes of energy transport:

Starting from one point on the aggregate demand curve, at a particular price level and a quantity of aggregate demand implied by the IS-LM model for that price level, if one considers a higher potential price level, in the IS-LM model the real money supply M / P will be lower and hence the LM curve will be shifted higher, leading to lower aggregate demand ; hence at the higher price level the level of aggregate demand is lower, so the aggregate demand curve is negatively sloped.

Lakoff's reliance on empirical scientific evidence, i. e. specifically falsifiable predictions, in the 1987 work and in Philosophy in the Flesh ( 1999 ) suggests that the cognitive-metaphor position has no objections to the scientific method, but instead considers the scientific method a finely developed reasoning system used to discover phenomena which are subsequently understood in terms of new conceptual metaphors ( such as the metaphor of fluid motion for conducted electricity, which is described in terms of " current " " flowing " against " impedance ," or the gravitational metaphor for static-electric phenomena, or the " planetary orbit " model of the atomic nucleus and electrons, as used by Niels Bohr ).

In Isocrates ' rhetorical use of a theme that he considers unworthy of serious treatment, the villainous king of Egypt named Busiris, a son of Poseidon and Anippe, daughter of the river-god Nilus, was the ancient founder of Egyptian civilization, with an imagined " model constitution " that Isocrates sets up as a parodic contrast to the Republic by Plato.

However, countries have applied neoliberal policies at varying levels of intensity ; for example, the OECD ( Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ) has calculated that only 6 % of Swedish workers are beset with wages it considers low, and that Swedish wages are overall lower due to their lack of neoliberal policies John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer ( 2006 ) of the CEPR have analyzed the effects of intensive Anglo-American neoliberal policies in comparison to continental European neoliberalism, concluding " The U. S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion, including high levels of income inequality, high relative and absolute poverty rates, poor and unequal educational outcomes, poor health outcomes, and high rates of crime and incarceration.

However, their model considers only two types of voltage-sensitive ion channels, and makes several assumptions about them, e. g., that their internal gates open and close independently of one another.

This can be refined in the vertical to a zero-dimensional radiative-convective model, which considers two processes of energy transport:

That model considers production as a socially constructed human project and redefines wages as means to earning a living.

Exploratory engineering is a term coined by K. Eric Drexler to describe the process of designing and analyzing detailed hypothetical models of systems that are not feasible with current technologies or methods, but do seem to be clearly within the bounds of what science considers to be possible within the narrowly defined scope of operation of the hypothetical system model.

One model considers that the P and S atoms ( in PCl < sub > 5 </ sub > and SF < sub > 6 </ sub > respectively ) form five and six true covalent bonds with the participation of d orbitals, in violation of the octet rule.

The evolution with time, i. e. the dynamics, can be simulated using these models, but also the bubble model ( Durian ) which considers the motion of individual bubbles.

The NMRA also considers the education of model railroaders and encouraging learning and improving modelers ' skills to be part of its mission.

Lowery and DeFleur argue the book was much more than a simple research report: it was an effort to interpret the authors ' research within a framework of conceptual schemes, theoretical issues, and research findings drawn broadly from the scientific study of small groups Unlike the hypodermic needle model, which considers mass media effects to be direct, the two-step flow model stresses human agency.

For example, if one considers a Chern – Simons theory with gauge group G on a manifold with boundary then all of the 3-dimensional propagating degrees of freedom may be gauged away, leaving a 2-dimensional conformal field theory known as a G Wess – Zumino – Witten model on the boundary.

While conceding that substantivism rightly emphasises the significance of social institutions in economic processes, Gudeman considers any derivational model that claims to be of universal nature, be it formalist, substantivist or Marxist, to be ethnocentric and essentially tautological.

This model considers the case of more than one failed machine being repaired by single repairman.