In computability theory, the Church – Turing thesis ( also known as the Turing-Church thesis, the Church – Turing conjecture, Church's thesis, Church's conjecture, and Turing's thesis ) is a combined hypothesis (" thesis ") about the nature of functions whose values are effectively calculable ; or, in more modern terms, functions whose values are algorithmically computable.

The modern Church's views regarding torture have changed drastically which are generally associated with the Enlightenment.

This Code, which entered into force in 1918, was the first consolidation of the Church's Canon Law into a modern Code made up of simple articles.

Post's rewrite technique is now ubiquitous in programming language specification and design, and so with Church's lambda-calculus is a salient influence of classical modern logic on practical computing.

The modern " Continuing " movement principally dates to the 1977 Congress of St. Louis in the United States, at which meeting participants rejected the ordination of women and the changes that had been made in the Episcopal Church's Book of Common Prayer.

Vladimir Lossky, a noted modern Eastern Orthodox theologian, argues the difference in East and West is due to the Roman Catholic Church's use of pagan metaphysical philosophy ( and scholasticism ) rather than actual experience of God called theoria, to validate the theological dogmas of Roman Catholic Christianity.

One of the latter ’ s main currents attempted to synthesize the vocabularies, epistemologies, metaphysics and other features of certain modern systems of philosophy with Catholicism in much the same way as the Scholastic order had earlier attempted to synthesize Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy with the Church's teaching.

Accordingly, it would be a mistake to expect to find the modern fully developed doctrine of papal primacy in the first centuries, thereby failing to recognize the Church's historical reality.

It dealt with persons, systems and structures, the three co-ordinates of the modern promotion of justice and peace, now established as integral to the Church's mission.

This is the only case in modern history of a people of Britannic origin submitting without continued struggle to what they view as foreign domination.

In the modern view axioms may be any set of formulas, as long as they are not known to be inconsistent.

Chinese astronomers were able to view what is modern Antlia from their latitudes, and incorporated its stars into two different constellations.

The contrasting view that " Achaeans ", as understood through Homer, are " a name without a country ", an ethnos created in the Epic tradition, has modern supporters among those who conclude that " Achaeans " were redefined in the fifth century, as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek.

However, there are also many modern historians who object to this view and point out that such a hostile attitude towards Athanasius is based on an unfair judgment of historical sources.

This is not a rejection of existence by Gilson, a leading modern metaphysician in the classical tradition: " philosophers are wholly justified in taking existence for granted ... and in never mentioning it again ...." In Gilson's view, the participial being is a given, a primitive of experience, not subject to proof or investigation, as it is the grounds of proof.

Even the critic G. R. Driver recognized that " the presence and popularity of the Daniel manuscripts at Qumran " conflicted " with the modern view which advocates the late dating of the composition of Daniel ".

Calvin took a literal interpretation of ch. 1, but allegorical view of chapter 2, a position echoed by some modern interpreters.

The second article, published in 1938, states that launching a swift strategic knockout has great attractions for Germany but appears to accept that such a knockout will be very difficult to achieve by land attack under modern conditions ( especially in view of the existence of systems of fortification like the Maginot Line ) unless an exceptionally high degree of surprise is achieved.

The prevailing modern view is that Herodotus generally did a remarkable job in his Historia, but that some of his specific details ( particularly troop numbers and dates ) should be viewed with skepticism.

Laissez-faire advocates criticize the term as an ideologically motivated attempt to cast what is in their view the fundamental problem of government intervention or “ investments ” as an avoidable aberration ; free-market advocates refer to governmental favoritism as " crony socialism ", " venture socialism " or " corporatism, a modern form of mercantilism " to emphasize that the only way to run a profitable business in such systems is to have help from corrupt government officials.

Several liberals, including Adam Smith and Richard Cobden, argued that the free exchange of goods between nations could lead to world peace, a view recognised by such modern American political scientists as Dahl, Doyle, Russet, and O ' Neil.

There is a general view that citizenship in ancient times was a simpler relation than modern forms of citizenship, although this view has come under scrutiny.

This view of Chinese history sees Chinese society in the 20th century as a traditional society seeking to become modern, usually with the implicit

This view provided an implicit justification of British colonialism with Britain assuming the " white man's burden " of breaking these societies from their static past and bringing them into the modern world.

This view is also reflected by modern Judaism, in that Righteous Gentiles needn't convert to Judaism and need to observe only the Noahide Laws, which also contain prohibitions against idolatry and fornication and blood.

This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and Scandinavian languages as dialects of Old Norse.

This view naturally led to what was then usually called necessitarianism ( the modern term is determinism ): the view that everything in the universe – including human behavior – is completely causally determined by antecedent circumstances and natural law.

Some modern deists have modified this classical view and believe that humanity's relationship with God is transpersonal, which means that God transcends the personal / impersonal duality and moves beyond such human terms.

The Frege-Brentano view is the basis of the dominant position in modern Anglo-American philosophy: that existence is asserted by the existential quantifier ( as expressed by Quine's slogan " To be is to be the value of a variable.

However, this view neglects the fact that i ) both modern cyanobacteria and alpha-proteobacteria are Gram negative bacteria, which are surrounded by double membranes ; ii ) the outer membranes of the endosymbiotic organelles ( chloroplasts and mitochondria ) are very similar to those of these bacteria in their lipid and protein compositions.

Most modern eschatology and apocalypticism, both religious and secular, involves the violent disruption or destruction of the world, whereas Christian and Jewish eschatologies view the end times as the consummation or perfection of God's creation of the world.

One suggested trigger for the modern revolution was the development of the birth control pill in 1960, which gave women access to easy and reliable contraception.

However, an alternative explanation was their opposition to modern scientific and social advances, such as contraception, vaccination, insurance, chemical fertilizers, and their failure to thrive in their home province of ( Zeeland, Netherlands ).

Although use of hormonal contraception can improve or relieve symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea, a 2001 systematic review found that no conclusions can be made about the efficacy of commonly used modern lower dose combined oral contraceptive pills for primary dysmenorrhea.

From an evolutionary psychology perspective they can classified as overconsumption of evolutionary novel substances that are harmful but strongly activates evolutionarily old reward systems ( drugs, tobacco, alcohol, and refined salt, fat, and carbohydrates ); overconsumption of evolutionary novel technologies with harmful side effects such as modern transportation causing reduced physical activity ; and underconsumption of evolutionary novel technologies that are beneficial but have no intrinsic motivation ( condoms, contraception, soap, bednets, toilets, and gas stoves instead of wood burning ).

At this period the thirty-year old Helion was ranked `` as one of the mature leaders of the modern movement '', according to Herbert Read, `` and in the direct line of descent from Cezanne, Seurat, Gris and Leger ''.

I fled, however, not from what might have been the natural fear of being unable to disguise from you that the things about my bridegroom -- in the sense you meant the word `` things '' -- which you had been galvanizing yourself to tell me as a painful part of your maternal duty were things which I had already insisted upon finding out for myself ( despite, I may now say, the unspeakable awkwardness of making the discovery on principle, yes, on principle, and in cold blood ) because I was resolved, as a modern woman, not to be a mollycoddle waiting for Life but to seize Life by the throat.

On matters of race he was similarly inflexible: `` Most of the modern Latin races seem to have inherited the rigidity of the Roman mind ''.

It was logical that he would come up with the figure of the modern jazz musician.

Perhaps there is more truth than we are wont to admit in the conviction of that ornament of Tarheelia, Robert Ruark's grandfather, who was persuaded that the great curse of the modern world is `` all this gallivantin' ''.

Wilson stressed the fact that clear as this was, they must have a better church, a more business-like conduct of the church organization, and an effort to get this religious center out of its rut of wild worship into a modern church organization.

Never rebuilt, the bridge was strengtened in 1938 by two extra piers, a concrete floor, and a walk-way along the upper side in order to care for modern traffic.

The modern student, who knows what was to come next, is likely to place first the factors of change which are visible in the eighth century.

The old Morse system was replaced locally by the Simplex modern automatic method in 1929, when Ellamae Heckman ( Wilcox ) was manager of the Western Union office.

The latter now furnishes the area with electricity distributed from a modern sub-station at Manchester Depot which was put into operation February 19, 1930 and was improved in January 1942 by the installation of larger transformers.

New, indeed, is Luther's perception, but not modern, as anyone knows who has ever tried to make intelligible to modern students what Luther was getting at.

In their book, American Skyline, Christopher Tunnard and Henry Hope Reed argue that Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was what made the modern suburb a possibility -- a fine ironical argument, when you consider how suburbanites tend to vote.

Just as Hart Crane had little influence on anyone except very reactionary writers -- like Allen Tate, for instance, to whom Valery was the last word in modern poetry and the felicities of an Apollinaire, let alone a Paul Eluard were nonsense -- so Dylan Thomas's influence has been slight indeed.

The John Harvey arrived in Bari, a port on the Adriatic, on November 28th, making for Porto Nuovo, which, as the name indicates, was the ancient city's new and modern harbor.

That the dream was a reality on the infinite progressions of universal, gradient frequencies, across which the modern professor and the priest of ancient Nippur met??

Left alone while her husband was miles away in the city, the modern wife assumed more and more duties normally reserved for the male.

It was a fairly modern motel with quite a bit of electrical display in front.

It was still a very big world, despite all the modern cant to the contrary.

The house was modern, large, on five acres.

Airy and bright, the apartment was furnished with good modern furniture, rugs, and draperies.

There was a garage and a modern barn in the rear, all of it standing between two large flat fields planted in early potatoes.

Its power unit, however, was derived from the reactor of the more modern American nuclear submarine Skipjack.