In the modern English `` whodunnit '', this insinuation of latent criminality in the detective himself has almost entirely disappeared.

The Hindi alphabet must represent both Sanskrit and modern vocabulary, and so has been expanded to 58 with the khutma letters ( letters with a dot added ) to represent sounds from Persian and English.

In more modern English usage, the term " adobe " has come to include a style of architecture popular in the desert climates of North America, especially in New Mexico.

In modern English there are several conventions for abbreviations, and the choice may be confusing.

In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.

For example, the word " Amerika " in German has a one-to-one equivalence to its meaning in modern English: it may denote North America, South America, or both, and in some instances refers to the United States only.

As an English name, it has been in use since the Middle Ages, though it was not popular until modern times.

The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.

Lavoisier's Traité élémentaire de chimie ( Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, 1789, translated into English by Scotsman Robert Kerr ) is considered to be the first modern chemistry textbook.

Most modern English grammarians no longer use the Latin accusative / dative model, though they tend to use the terms objective for oblique, subjective for nominative, and possessive for genitive ( see Declension in English ).

Originally published in modern Hebrew, with a running commentary to facilitate learning, his Steinzaltz edition of the Talmud has also been translated into English, French, Russian and Spanish.

The Shakespearean English form of the word ' brass ' can mean any bronze alloy, or copper, rather than the strict modern definition of brass.

The spelling and names in both the 1609 – 1610 Douay Old Testament ( and in the 1582 Rheims New Testament ) and the 1749 revision by Bishop Challoner ( the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English ) and in the Septuagint ( an ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, which is widely used by the Eastern Orthodox instead of the Masoretic text ) differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions which are derived from the Hebrew Masoretic text.

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.

An Old English poem such as Beowulf is very different from modern poetry.

Bede ( ; ; 672 / 673 – 26 May 735 ), also referred to as Saint Bede or the Venerable Bede (), was an English monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow ( see Monkwearmouth-Jarrow ), both in the Kingdom of Northumbria.

This group of languages ( Welsh, Cornish, Cumbric ) cohabited alongside English into the modern period, but due to their remoteness from the Germanic languages, influence on English was notably limited.

Botany was greatly stimulated by the appearance of the first " modern " text book, Matthias Schleiden's, published in English in 1849 as Principles of Scientific Botany.

Rather, in modern times, the various autonomous houses have formed themselves loosely into congregations ( for example, Cassinese, English, Solesmes, Subiaco, Camaldolese, Sylvestrines ) that in turn are represented in the Benedictine Confederation that came into existence through Pope Leo XIII's Apostolic Brief " Summum semper " on July 12, 1883.

However, some modern Catholic English Bibles restore the Septuagint order, such as Esther in the NAB.

The modern English pronunciation is.

Prior to this, in Old and Middle English, the word was usually spelled Crist the i being pronounced either as, preserved in the names of churches such as St Katherine Cree, or as a short, preserved in the modern pronunciation of Christmas.

The game, first known as crapaud ( a French word meaning " toad " in reference to the original style of play by people crouched over a floor or sidewalk ), reportedly owes its modern popularity to street craps.

For one of his biographers, Hepworth Dixon, Bacon's influence in modern world is so great that every man who rides in a train, sends a telegram, follows a steam plough, sits in an easy chair, crosses the channel or the Atlantic, eats a good dinner, enjoys a beautiful garden, or undergoes a painless surgical operation, owes him something.

Our modern conception of Robin Hood as a cheerful, decent, patriotic rebel owes much to Ivanhoe.

" Therefore, although the thesis of the " Mysterium Cosmographicum " was in error, modern astronomy owes much to this work " since it represents the first step in cleansing the Copernican system of the remnants of the Ptolemaic theory still clinging to it.

Kajang as a modern town owes its rise in particular to the coffee estates which were opened up around it in the 1890s.

Labor which is highly skilled on the other hand owes part of its produce to an " investment " made in training and is almost like capital ( hence the modern concept of human capital ).

Prior to its expansion under Philip II, the ancient kingdom of Macedonia, to which the modern region owes its name, lay entirely within the current Greek province of Macedonia.

The modern tennis court owes its design to Major Walter Clopton Wingfield who, in 1873, patented a court much the same as the current one for his stické tennis ( sphairistike ).

The admiration of scholars such as Victor Davis Hanson, B. H. Liddell Hart, Lloyd Lewis, and John F. Marszalek for General Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled.

Disapproving of such modern marketing techniques, Sir Eustace is about to throw away the chocolates in disgust but changes his mind when he learns that Graham Bendix, another member of the club whom he hardly knows, has lost a bet with his wife Joan and now owes her a box of chocolates.

The modern town of Dundalk largely owes its form to Lord Limerick ( later James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil ) in the 17th century.

Our modern understanding of instinctual behavior in animals owes much to their work.

In spite of the similarities between their names, modern supporters of Taiwan independence who call for the establishment of a Republic of Taiwan are wary of claiming that their own movement owes anything to the example of the 1895 Republic.

Although Irish has been used as a literary language for more than 1500 years ( see Irish literature ), and in a form intelligible to contemporary speakers since at least the sixteenth century, modern literature in Irish owes much to the Gaelic Revival, a cultural movement which began in the late nineteenth century.

However, modern Bengali owes much to Sanskrit.

Experts have rejected the popular belief that there was a sudden expulsion of Jews from Palestine in 70 AD that led to the creation of the Diaspora and agree that modern Jewish ancestry owes as much to converts from the first millennium to the beginning of the Middle Ages as it does to the Jews of antiquity.

Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district and owes its prosperity to its location at the crossing of historic and modern trade routes.

Saint-Maur-des-Fossés owes its name to an abbey founded in 638 by Queen Nanthild, regent for her son Clovis II, at a place called Fossati in Medieval Latin, Les Fossés in modern French, meaning " the moats ".

The plot owes much to modern retellings of the Pygmalion myth.

Our understanding of biodiversity and our modern conservation biology, much of which seems to be anti-collecting, owes much to these early collectors who worked so diligently to document and preserve voucher specimens of our wildlife.

The evolved, modern form of this gambit owes much to the German master Emil Josef Diemer ( 1908 – 90 ), who popularized the continuation 3. Nc3 Nf6 and then 4. f3 ( when 4 ... e5?

Timrod has continued to influence other modern Southern writers, including the poet Allen Tate, whose most famous poem, " Ode to the Confederate Dead ", owes a great deal to Timrod's similarly titled poem.

Although modern Croatian linguists sometimes squabble about the range and actual value of his opus ( some are of the opinion that Croatian owes more to the period of Baroque Slavism in early 17th century ( with central authors like Bartol Kašić, Jakov Mikalja and Ivan Gundulić ), or to the Ragusan writers of the late 15th century / early 16th century-crucial writers being Džore Držić and Šiško Menčetić ) — no one denies Relković's popular appeal that was, at least, the final touch that helped neo-štokavian dialect to prevail as the basis of the Croatian language.

The modern artificial joint owes much to the work of Sir John Charnley at Wrightington Hospital ; his work in the field of tribology resulted in a design that almost completely replaced the other designs by the 1970s.