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Page "J. Philippe Rushton" ¶ 11
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monozygotic and twins
For bipolar I, the ( probandwise ) concordance rates in modern studies have been consistently put at around 40 % in monozygotic twins ( same genes ), compared to 0 to 10 % in dizygotic twins.
The greatest risk for developing schizophrenia is having a first-degree relative with the disease ( risk is 6. 5 %); more than 40 % of monozygotic twins of those with schizophrenia are also affected.
Although 99. 9 % of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different to distinguish one individual from another, unless they are monozygotic twins.
In the case of monozygotic twins, concordance occurs only in about 35 % of cases, while it goes down to around 5 % in the case of siblings and even lower in half-siblings.
In a 1991 study, Bailey and Pillard found that 52 % of monozygotic ( MZ ) brothers and 22 % of the dizygotic ( DZ ) twins were concordant for homosexuality.
They studied 289 pairs of identical twins ( monozygotic or from one fertilized egg ) and 495 pairs of fraternal twins ( dizygotic or from two fertilized eggs ) and found concordance rates for same-sex attraction of only 7. 7 % for male identical twins and 5. 3 % for females, a pattern which they say " does not suggest genetic influence independent of social context.
Another issue is the recent finding that even monozygotic twins can be different and there is a mechanism which might account for monozygotic twins being discordant for homosexuality.
Gringas and Chen ( 2001 ) describe a number of mechanisms which can lead to differences between monozygotic twins, the most relevant here being chorionicity and amniocity.
# REDIRECT Twin # Identical ( monozygotic ) twins
This genetic influence on decision-making behaviors has been found through classical twin studies, in which decision-making tendencies are self-reported by pairs of twins and then compared between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
The other two variations are monozygotic (" identical ") twins:
* Female – female monozygotic twins
* Male – male monozygotic twins ( less common )
* Male-female monozygotic twins ( Very rare where no gender is originally determined and then chosen )
Dizygotic twinning ranges from six per thousand births in Japan ( similar to the rate of monozygotic twins ) to 14 and more per thousand in some African countries.

monozygotic and also
Conjoined twins share a single common chorion, placenta, and amniotic sac, although these characteristics are not exclusive to conjoined twins as there are some monozygotic but non-conjoined twins that also share these structures in utero.
It is also believed that there may be a genetic component in the development of RISP due to a high concurrent incidence of sleep paralysis in monozygotic twins.

monozygotic and who
Allogeneic transplant donors may be related ( usually a closely HLA matched sibling ), syngeneic ( a monozygotic or ' identical ' twin of the patient-necessarily extremely rare since few patients have an identical twin, but offering a source of perfectly HLA matched stem cells ) or unrelated ( donor who is not related and found to have very close degree of HLA matching ).

monozygotic and were
The possibility of fabrication was first brought to the attention of the scientific community when Kamin noticed that Burt's correlation coefficients of monozygotic and dizygotic twins ' IQ scores were the same to three decimal places, across articles – even when new data were twice added to the sample of twins.

monozygotic and more
The study concluded that the monozygotic co-twins would be more similar than dizygotic co-twins in change over time.
Twin concordance studies have demonstrated that when one monozygotic twin has alopecia areata, there is more than a 50 % chance that the other twin will be affected, whereas there is zero concordance in dizygotic twin pairs.

monozygotic and their
More specifically, monozygotic ( MZ ) or " identical " twins, share nearly 100 % of their genetic polymorphisms, which means that most variation in pairs ' traits ( measured height, susceptibility to boredom, intelligence, depression, etc.
The power of twin designs arises from the fact that twins may be either monozygotic ( MZ: developing from a single fertilized egg and therefore sharing all of their alleles ) – or dizygotic ( DZ: developing from two fertilized eggs and therefore sharing on average 50 % of their polymorphic alleles, the same level of genetic similarity as found in non-twin siblings ).
But given that monozygotic twins share 100 per cent of their genetic material, you might expect them to have the same disorders 100 per cent of the time.
Parent-offspring pairs share 50 % of their genes IBD, and monozygotic twins share 100 % IBD.
on twins however found much lower concordance rates for monozygotic twins regarding homosexual orientation of only 20 % for men and 24 % for women pointing to a significant contribution of environmental factors in sexual orientation ; Bailey suggests an explanation for the much lower concordance rate among monozygotic twins in this study as opposed to previous studies: In those previous studies, twins deciding whether to participate in a study clearly related to homosexuality probably considered the sexual orientation of their co-twins before agreeing to participate.

monozygotic and co-twins
To answer the questions as to whether change is genetically influenced through personality, the data concluded that there was no significant differences for either variances between the monozygotic and dizygotic co-twins.

monozygotic and than
The children of monozygotic twins test genetically as half-siblings ( or full siblings, if monozygotic twin sisters reproduce with monozygotic twin brothers, if monozygotic twin brothers reproduce with the same woman, or if monozygotic twin sisters reproduce with the same man ), rather than first cousins.

monozygotic and dizygotic
Twins can either be monozygotic (" identical "), meaning that they develop from one zygote that splits and forms two embryos, or dizygotic (" fraternal ") because they develop from two separate eggs that are fertilized by two separate sperm.
Comparison of zygote development in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
But if monozygotic twins separate early enough, the arrangement of sacs and placentas in utero is indistinguishable from dizygotic twins.
Multiple birth siblings are either monozygotic or dizygotic.
By analogy with monozygotic and dizygotic twins, such a combination is called dizygotic triplets.
In twin studies, the concordance of PMS is twice as high in monozygotic twins as in dizygotic twins, suggesting the possibility of some genetic component.
* Investigated through family studies, mainly of monozygotic ( identical ) and dizygotic ( fraternal ) twins, often in the context of adoption.
Additional contributions by Weinberg to statistical genetics included the first estimate of the rate of twinning – Realizing that identical twins would have to be same-sex, while dizygotic twins could be either same or opposite sex, Weinberg derived the formula for estimating the frequency of monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the ratio of same sex and opposite twins to the total of maternities.
In the early 1990s Bailey and Richard Pillard coauthored a series of twin studies which examined the rate of concordance of sexual identity among monozygotic twins ( 52 % concordance ), dizygotic twins of the same sex ( 22 %), non-twin siblings of the same sex, and adoptive siblings of the same sex ( 11 %).

monozygotic and .
It does not refer to monozygotic multiple births or the reproduction of humans / animals cells or tissue.
In the uterus, a majority of monozygotic twins ( 60 – 70 %) share the same placenta but have separate amniotic sac s. In 18 – 30 % of monozygotic twins each fetus has a separate placenta and a separate amniotic sac.

twins and also
The other four pairs of twins — Ampheres and Evaemon, Mneseus and Autochthon, Elasippus and Mestor, and Azaes and Diaprepes — were also given " rule over many men, and a large territory.
There is overlap with unipolar depression and if this is also counted in the co-twin the concordance with bipolar disorder rises to 67 % in monozigotic twins and 19 % in dizigotic.
Such word sets can also be called etymological twins, and of course they may come in groups of higher numbers, as with, for example, the words wain ( native ) wagon ( Dutch ) and vehicle ( Latin ) in English.
' The mechanic twins seem to relate to this, realizing that they should make peace, also.
A mother typically gives birth to only one hippo, although twins also occur.
Notice also that even identical twins raised in a common family rarely show 100 % trait correlation.
In another kind of twin study, identical twins reared together ( who share family environment and genes ) are compared to fraternal twins reared together ( who also share family environment but only share half their genes ).
* Surgery has also been conducted to separate conjoined twins.
C ' Baoth intends to warp Leia and Luke to the Dark Side, and plans to corrupt also the two unborn twins.
Nut and Geb also produced another set of twins who became husband and wife: the divine Osiris and Isis, whose son was Horus.
In Latin the twins are also known as the Gemini or Castores.
However, males are also more susceptible than females to death in utero, and since the death rate in utero is higher for twins, it leads to female twins being more common than male twins.
Fraternal or dizygotic ( DZ ) twins ( also referred to as " non-identical twins ", " dissimilar twins ", " biovular twins ", and, in cases of females, sororal twins ) usually occur when two fertilized eggs are implanted in the uterus wall at the same time.
However, dizygotic twins may also look very different from each other.

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