The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first few years after its introduction in 1993.

The konvertibilna marka ( convertible mark or BAM )- the national currency introduced in 1998-is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has increased.

Running afoul of national currency laws, the community changed to barter coupons called Boon Kut Chum that bear a fixed value in baht, which they swap for goods and services within the community.

This is perhaps one of the most practical ways to collect a national currency since probably the majority of coin reference books and coin albums catalogue in the same manner.

In economics, a local currency is a currency not backed by a national government, and intended to trade only in a small area.

Local currencies can also come into being when there is economic turmoil involving the national currency.

* Toman: The new currency that is proposed by the Central Bank of Iran which would replace the Iranian Rial by slashing four zeros off the country's national currency.

In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the nation's monetary base, and usually also prints the national currency, which usually serves as the nation's legal tender.

The most recent bank model, was introduced together with the euro, involves coordination of the European national banks, which continue to manage their respective economies separately in all respects other than currency exchange and base interest rates.

When a country has its own national currency, this involves the issue of some form of standardized currency, which is essentially a form of promissory note: a promise to exchange the note for " money " under certain circumstances.

This income, derived from the power to issue currency, is referred to as seigniorage, and usually belongs to the national government.

Community Currencies have recently proven valuable in meeting the needs of people living in various South American nations, particularly Argentina, that recently suffered as a result of the collapse of the Argentinian national currency.

The five stars are also in the logo of the Brazilian football team Cruzeiro Esporte Clube and the Brazilian coat of arms ; it is mentioned in the Brazilian national anthem, and even featured as the name of the currency ( the cruzeiro from 1942 to 1986 and again from 1990 to 1994.

* 1815 – the U. S. Senate created a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the United States Senate Committee on Finance.

These factors highlighted the Government of Ecuador's unsustainable economic policy mix of large fiscal deficits and expansionary money policy and resulted in an 7. 3 % contraction of GDP, annual year-on-year inflation of 52. 2 %, and a 65 % devaluation of the national currency in 1999.

Based on national currency, GDP per capita at constant 1999 prices increased from EGP 411 in 1981, to EGP 2098 in 1991, to EGP 5493 in 2001 and to EGP 8708 in 2006.

Euro coins also display the twelve stars of the flag on both the national and common sides and the flag is sometimes used as an indication of the currency or the eurozone ( a collective name for those countries that use the Euro ).

Under President Shevardnadze's leadership, the government had nonetheless made some progress on basic market reforms: all prices and most trade have been liberalized, a stable national currency ( the lari ) was introduced, and massive government downsizing took place.

Side effects of the cash infusion were that the national currency, the lempira became overvalued and the amount of exports dropped.

One form this may take is dollarization, the use of a foreign currency ( not necessarily the U. S. dollar ) as a national unit of currency.

Aside from winning duet Eldar and Nigar, national heroes in Azerbaijan, as soloists and in their duet, better known as Ell and Nikki, Westernised Azerbaijani pop includes Emin Agalarov, the son in law of president Ilham Aliyev.

A fragment from national anthem is depicted on the obverse of the Azerbaijani 5 manat banknote issued since 2006.

Such as alternating sections of the tower were lit to blue, red and green like in traditional Azerbaijani flag to help celebrate the national holidays.

In 1923 Glière was invited by the Azerbaijan People's Commissariat of Education to come to Baku and compose the prototype of an Azerbaijani national opera.

In 1992, renowned Azerbaijani footballer Alekper Mamedov became the first head coach of the Azeribaijani national football team, compiling a 3 – 1 record as coach that includes the first ever national team victory, over Georgia on May 25, 1993.

Azerbaijani traditional national dish of the yaprag dolması

Azerbaijani traditional national dish yay dolması

On December 2011, the very first Azerbaijani national musical, a hip-hop version of the classic love story Leyli and Majnun, has been performed in Baku.

It organizes the Azerbaijan Premier League, the Azerbaijan Cup and the Azerbaijani national football team.

In the quest of imposing national homogeneity on the country where half of the population consisted of ethnic minorities, Reza Shah had previously issued in quick succession bans on the use of Azerbaijani language on the premises of schools, in theatrical performances, religious ceremonies, and, finally, in the publication of books.

Later in September 1945, at its first congress, the Azerbaijani Democratic Party authorized the formation of a peasant's militia, which by mid-November 1945 captured all remaining government posts in the province, and Iranian Azerbaijan " became an autonomous republic under the direction of a 39-member national executive committee ".

Photograph from the 1900s by Constantin Zanis depicting an Azerbaijani girl from Shusha in silk national garments "

The founders of this ideology were Azerbaijani intellectuals of Russian Empire, Ali-bey Huseynzadeh and Ahmed-bey Agayev ( known in Turkey as Ahmet Ağaoğlu ), whose literary works used the linguistic unity of Turkic-speaking peoples as a factor for national awakening of various nationalities inhabiting the Russian Empire.

" Until a certain time the Baku Committee of Muslim Social Organizations and the Musavat party successfully fulfilled the mission not only of representing the general national interests but also of guiding the Azerbaijani workers ' democracy ".

Fatullayev claimed that his article did not directly accuse any Azerbaijani national of committing any crime and that in his article, there was no statement asserting that any of the Khojaly victims had been killed or mutilated by Azerbaijani fighters.

In January 2010, the Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States ( PUIC ), composed of parliaments of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference ( OIC ) members states, which includes Azerbaijan but not Armenia, recognised the Justice for Khojaly awareness campaign initiated on 8 May 2008 by Leyla Aliyeva, daughter of the President of Azerbaijan and General Coordinator of Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue ( ICYF-DC ), describing the 1992 event as a " mass massacre by Armenian forces of Azerbaijani civilians in the town of Khojaly ", and called upon " all member parliaments to give proper recognition to this crime against humanity and support the Campaign on national and international levels.

Azerbaijan ’ s national dance shows the characteristics of the Azerbaijani nation.

In 2010 — 2011, he coached the Azerbaijani national wrestling team.

The Turkmen national currency – manat – was launched on November 1, 1993.

On 1 January 2006, a new manat ( ISO 4217 code AZN, also called the " manat ( national currency )") was introduced at a value of 5, 000 old manat.

Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e.g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.

The other, of course, was the Civil War, the conflict which a century ago insured national unity over fragmentation.

In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.

During his two terms the Constitution was tested and found workable, strong national policies were inaugurated, and the traditions and powers of the Presidential office firmly fixed.

Prokofieff was guided in a consistent direction by the life of his own people -- by the compass of their national ideas.

The choice of the single member district was dictated to a certain extent by problems of communication and understanding in the more remote areas of the country, but it also served to minimize the national political value of the elections.

If we thus spent our very first day in the midst of a large number of your people honoring a new hero and a great national achievement, our last day, to us at least, was equally impressive and very moving, even though the crowds were absent and there was almost complete silence.

We may carry this sequence one step further and say that at seventy he was a poet at the height of his powers, wanting only the impetus of two tragedies, one personal, the other national, to loose those powers in poetry.

One of Mrs. Kennedy's initial concerns as First Lady was the sad state of the furnishings in a building which is supposed to be a national shrine.

Thus, when Dartmouth's Winter Carnival -- widely recognized as the greatest, wildest, roaringest college weekend anywhere, any time -- was broadcast over a national television hookup, Prexy John Sloan Dickey appeared on the screen in rugged winter garb, topped off by a tam-o'-shanter which he confessed had been acquired from a Smith girl.

Baseball was surely the national game in those days, even though professional baseball may have been merely a business.

In any case, anyone who fails to make significant distinction between primary and secondary applications of economic pressure would in principle already have justified that use of economic boycott as a means which broke out a few years ago or was skillfully organized by White Citizens' Councils in the entire state of Mississippi against every local Philco dealer in that state, in protest against a Philco-sponsored program over a national TV network on which was presented a drama showing, it seemed, a `` high yellow gal '' smooching with a white man.

She also was the original GOP national committeewoman from New Jersey in the early 1920s following adoption of the women's suffrage amendment.

Among the many severe measures taken by the First Emperor, Shih Huang-ti, in his efforts to insure the continuation of this hard-won national unity, was the burning of the books in 213 B.C., with the expressed intention of removing possible sources for divergent thinking ; ;

During the years when Israel was passing from crisis to crisis -- the Sinai campaign, the infusion of multitudes of penniless immigrants -- it was felt that the purpose of national unity could be best served if the secular majority were to yield to the religious parties.

When he was made a vice president only a year after the new sales job, a leading business magazine ran his photograph with a brief biography in a series on national business leaders of the future.

Most Republicans agreed with Lincoln that the North was the aggrieved party, as the Slave Power tightened its grasp on the national government with the Dred Scott decision and the presidency of James Buchanan.

The emancipation of slaves was now part of the national war effort.

Nevertheless, in 1861, Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms ( the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree ), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a republican form of government in every state.

As a first step, Algerian literature was marked by works whose main concern was the assertion of the Algerian national entity, there is the publication of novels as the Algerian trilogy of Mohammed Dib, or even Nedjma of Kateb Yacine novel which is often regarded as a monumental and major work.

Ward died in 1903, not knowing the national stature his music would attain, as the music was only first applied to the song in 1904.