In neuroimaging studies of anger, the most consistently activated region of the brain was the lateral orbitofrontal cortex.

Because HM's impairment was caused by surgery, the damaged parts of his brain were precisely known, information which was usually not knowable in a time before accurate neuroimaging became widespread.

Also note that pSTS activation in most of the above studies was largely right-lateralized, following the general trend in neuroimaging studies of social cognition and perception: also right-lateralized are the TPJ activation during false belief tasks, the STS response to biological motion, and the FFA response to faces.

In 2008, the Center for Neurotechnology Studies of the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies in Arlington, Virginia, was formed to study those neuroethical, legal and social issues arising from the development and use of neuroscientifically-based technologies ( such as neuroimaging, neurogenetics and neuroproteomics, deep brain and transcranial magnetic stimulation, nano-neuroscientific methods, novel pharmacological agents and pharmaceutics, brain-machine interfacing, and cognitive machine systems ) in research and applications in medicine, public life and national security, intelligence and defense.

This distinction was based on theoretical grounds and experimental psychology findings, and subsequently was linked to different neural systems in the brain by studies of brain damage and neuroimaging techniques.

In 2004 a new Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences ( CNS ) was opened which provides offices, lab space, and access to two MRI scanners for neuroimaging research.

The first neuroimaging study to evaluate the temporal taste profile of aspartame, an artificial sweetener, in humans was published in 2009.

This criticism was originally targeted at the logic used by neuropsychological brain lesion experiments, but the criticism is still applicable to neuroimaging.

In a study conducted by MIT, donation rates increase with the presence of observers, and neuroimaging results revealed that activation in the ventral striatum before the same choice (“ to donate ” or “ not donate ”) was significantly effected by the presence of observers.

Until 2008, Silberaweig was vice chair for research within the department of psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College, where he was head of neuroimaging at the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic.

Consistent with this evidence, a neuroimaging study conducted on drug craving by Garavan et al.

Many neuroimaging studies have also shown activation of Broca's area when representing meaningful arm gestures.

They suggested that neuroimaging with CT or MRI is warranted when the etiology of a patient's cerebral palsy has not been established – an MRI is preferred over CT due to diagnostic yield and safety.

In general, neuroimaging studies demonstrate that individuals with Williams syndrome have diminished amygdala reactivity in response to socially frightening stimuli ( such as disapproving faces ), but demonstrate hyperreactivity in the amygdala when presented with nonsocial fear stimuli ( such as frightening animals ).

Mixed dementia is diagnosed when patients have evidence of AD and cerebrovascular disease, either clinically or based on neuroimaging evidence of ischemic lesions.

Functional neuroimaging uses specific neuroimaging technologies to take readings from the brain, usually when a person is doing a particular task, in an attempt to understand how the activation of particular brain areas is related to the task.

Functional neuroimaging reveals similar patterns of response in cortical tissue of the lobes when the retinal fields are exposed to a strong pattern.

A neuroimaging study of two people diagnosed with clinical lycanthropy showed that these areas display unusual activation, suggesting that when people report their bodies are changing shape, they may be genuinely perceiving those feelings.

A neuropsychological assessment may show brain damage when neuroimaging has failed.

Functional neuroimaging uses specific brain imaging technologies to take scans from the brain, usually when a person is doing a particular task, in an attempt to understand how the activation of particular brain areas is related to the task.

A recent neuroimaging study found distinctive patterns of neural activation in these regions depending on whether decisions were made on the basis of personal volition or following directions from someone else.

The results implicating the left anterior frontal lobes involvement in solving the TOL were supported in concomitant neuroimaging studies which also showed a reduction in regional cerebral blood flow to the left pre-frontal lobe.

They were also the first to confirm the existence of synaesthesia using neuroimaging ( Brain, 1995 and Nature Neuroscience, 1999 ) and to demonstrate that it is a heritable condition, conducting the first genetic study of synaesthesia ( Perception, 1996 ; American Journal of Human Genetics, 2009 ).

Scientists that first used the term imaging genetics were interested in how genes influence psychopathology and used functional neuroimaging to investigate genes that are expressed in the brain ( neuroimaging genetics ).

According to neuroimaging data, PET studies on recall and recognition have consistently found increases in regional cerebral blood flow ( RCBF ) in the following six brain regions: ( 1 ) the prefrontal cortex, particularly on the right hemisphere ; ( 2 ) the hippocampal and parahippocampal regions of the medial temporal lobe ; ( 3 ) the anterior cingulate cortex ; ( 4 ) the posterior midline area that includes posterior cingulate, retrosplenial ( see retrosplenial region ), precuneus, and cuneus regions ; ( 5 ) the inferior parietal cortex, especially on the right hemisphere ; and ( 6 ) the cerebellum, particularly on the left. Hippocampus highlighted in red

An example of a Color | colored Geometry | geometrical pattern a subject would Encoding ( memory ) | encode, Storage ( memory ) | store, and Recall ( memory ) | recall while performing a visual memory neuroimaging test.

Semantic memory has had a comeback in interest in the past 15 years, due in part to the development of functional neuroimaging methods such as positron emission tomography ( PET ) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ), which have been used to address some of the central questions about our understanding of semantic memory.

fMRI studies have shown that children with SLI have a significantly smaller left hemispheric pars triangularis ( Broca's area ) and asymmetry of dominance of language structures, as opposed to the more typical left hemisphere dominance Scientists are beginning to elucidate differences in activation patterns in children with SLIs using neuroimaging techniques to capture brain activity while performing different cognitive tasks.

This effect is possibly due to the malformation of associations among aspects of an episode needed for remembering its source ; one neuroimaging study found that individuals with schizophrenia had lower activation of areas associated with source memory.

In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated an important role for functional neuroimaging in the identification of residual cognitive function in persistent vegetative state ; this technology is providing new insights into cerebral activity in patients with severe brain damage.

One neuroimaging study suggested that feigning may be distinguished from conversion by the pattern of frontal lobe activation ; however this is a research, rather than a clinical technique.

Yet, neuroimaging does not implicate any single area but rather identifies many different areas as being involved in different aspects of language processing ( Martin, 2003 ; Binder & Price, 2001 ; Raichle, 1998 ) and not just in the left hemisphere ( e. g. Robertson et al., 2000 ).

Sensory substitution concerns human perception and the plasticity of the human brain ; and therefore, allows us to study these aspects of neuroscience more through neuroimaging.

Several neuroimaging studies have looked at the neural basis theory of mind impairment in subjects with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism ( HFA ).

Some studies have used neuroimaging to localize brain regions that are active, or differentially active, during experiences that subjects associate with " spiritual " feelings or images consistent with McKinney's thesis that feelings associated with religious experience are normal aspects of brain function under extreme circumstances rather than communication from God.

The most commonly used diagnostic tools are neuroimaging, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and evoked potentials.

In neuroimaging, the most common variants are voxel-based morphometry, deformation-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry of the brain.

MRI with gadolinium enhancement is the most useful neuroimaging test.

Effective diagnosis and if necessary medical testing which may include neuroimaging to diagnose and treat any such medical conditions or medication side effects may reduce the risk of suicidal ideation as a result of psychiatric symptoms, most often including depression, which are present in up to 90-95 % of cases.

This is also supported by human neuroimaging studies demonstrating that tasks involving moral or ethical decisions evoke increased activity in the most anterior sections of the VM cortex.

With the advent of neuroimaging techniques, a topic of intense interest revolves around how specific emotions relate to physiological activations in certain brain areas.