For the last two years of Clinton's presidency, U. S. aircraft routinely attacked hostile Iraqi anti-air installations inside the Iraqi no-fly zones.

* 1998 – Iraq announces its intention to fire upon U. S. and British warplanes that patrol the northern and southern no-fly zones.

In the aftermath, the government intensified the forced relocating of Marsh Arabs and the draining of the Iraqi marshlands, while the Allies established the Iraqi no-fly zones.

Major was Prime Minister during the first Gulf War of 1991, and played a key role in persuading US President George H. W. Bush to support no-fly zones.

Also during the 1990s, President Bill Clinton maintained sanctions and ordered air strikes in the " Iraqi no-fly zones " ( Operation Desert Fox ), in the hope that Saddam would be overthrown by political enemies inside Iraq.

** Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM inspectors to use its own aircraft to fly into Iraq, and begins military operations in the demilitarized zone between Iraq and Kuwait, and the northern Iraqi no-fly zones.

* August 18 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom John Major announces the creation of the Iraqi no-fly zones.

* December 27 – A U. S. F-16 Fighting Falcon shoots down an Iraqi MiG-25 Foxbat that violated the Iraqi no-fly zones.

OSW and ONW required a constant presence of tankers and associated support personnel to help enforce the UN-sanctioned no-fly zones in Iraq.

After the 1991 Gulf War, acting in accord with a UN resolution, the United States organized a coalition to enforce no-fly zones in Iraq, north of 36 ° and south of 32 °.

Following the Persian Gulf War, to protect minority populations, the US, Britain, and France declared and maintained no-fly zones in northern and southern Iraq, which the Iraqi military frequently tested.

When the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, it cited Iraq's non-compliance with the terms of cease-fire agreement for the 1990-1991 Gulf War, as well as planning in 1993 attempted assassination of former President George H. W. Bush and firing on coalition aircraft enforcing the no-fly zones as its stated.

* Iraqi no-fly zones conflict ( 1991 – 2003 )

The Iraqi no-fly zones were a set of two separate no-fly zones ( NFZs ), and were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom and France after the Gulf War of 1991 to protect the Kurds in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south.

The Secretary-General of the UN at the time the resolution was passed, Boutros Boutros-Ghali called the no-fly zones " illegal " in a later interview with John Pilger.

In the aftermath of Operation Desert Fox in December 1998, Iraq announced it would no longer respect the no-fly zones and resumed its efforts in shooting down Allied aircraft.

In the early 2000s ( decade ), the U. S. developed a contingency plan, Operation Desert Badger for dealing with pilots shot down over Iraqi no-fly zones.

After the 1991 Gulf War, the use of force to obtain Iraqi compliance with United Nations resolutions, particularly through enforcement of Iraqi no-fly zones, remained a war powers issue.

The 1st Fighter Wing simultaneously participated in the US homeland defense mission in Operation Noble Eagle ; maintained its lead wing status in the USAF's expeditionary air force ( AEF ) rotations to Southwest Asia, Turkey, enforcing UN no-fly zone sanctions in Operation Southern Watch Operation Northern Watch until 2003 ; and deployed fighters to Keflavík, Iceland to fulfill NATO treaty obligations.

The Secretary-General of the UN at the time the resolution was passed, Boutros Boutros-Ghali called the no-fly zones " illegal " in a February 2003 interview with John Pilger.

During both major campaigns against Iraq, in 1991 and 2003, and also during the no-fly zone operations between, it operated as a staging post for British forces en route to the region.

Operation Southern Focus was a period in the months leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq ( called " Operation Iraqi Freedom " in the United States ) in which the military responses to violations of the southern Iraqi no-fly zones were increased, with more intensive bombing of air defense artillery installations and other military complexes.

The TIALD pod has been used extensively since the Gulf War including during the Iraqi no-fly zone patrols ( 1991-2003 ), the related Operation Desert Fox ( 1998 ), the Kosovo War ( 1999 ) and the 2003 Iraq Conflict.

The 20 FW routinely sent squadrons to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey supporting the no-fly zone in northern Iraq between January 1997 and March 2003.

They flew missions enforcing United Nations Security Council resolutions of a no-fly zone over Southern Iraq.

In a tragic accident in April 1994 two U. S. Air Force F-15 aircraft, operating in the no-fly zone north of the 36th parallel in Iraq, shot down two U. S. Army helicopters after misidentifying them as Iraqi.

Because of the no-fly zone imposed on Iraq by the United States and the United Kingdom, Iraqi Airways was only able to continue domestic flights for limited periods.

* At a European Union meeting in Luxembourg, a UN safe-haven and a no-fly zone, code-named Operation Provide Comfort, in northern Iraq was established north of the latitude 36 degrees north, for the protection of Kurds.

Iraq challenged the no-fly zone beginning in December 1992 when a USAF F-16 fighter plane shot down an Iraqi MiG-25 Foxbat fighter which had locked on to it in the Southern no-fly zone.

According to an editorial by Michael Smith for the New Statesman, this was " Located at the furthest extreme of the southern no-fly zone, far away from the areas that needed to be patrolled to prevent attacks on the Shi ' a ; it was destroyed not because it was a threat to the patrols, but to allow allied special forces operating from Jordan to enter Iraq undetected.

During this period she provided air power presence and airborne intelligence support ( the airwing flew over 900 sorties over Iraq ) to the Combined Joint Task Forces of Operation Provide Comfort and Operation Northern Watch enforcing the northern " no-fly zone " in Iraq.

The Air National Guard participated widely in that long campaign, which featured U. S. and coalition aircraft maintaining two no-fly zones over portions of Iraq: Operation Southern Watch and Operation Northern Watch.

On 2 April 1993, NATO troops from Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Germany, and Italy as well as the United States launched Operation Deny Flight, a no-fly zone for Serbian aircraft over Bosnia-Herzegovina.

In 1991, the United States, United Kingdom, France, Turkey, and other states intervened in Kurdish-Iraqi dispute in northern Iraq by establishing a no-fly zone in which Iraqi aircraft were prevented from flying.

France has also been a lead nation, alongside the USA, Great Britain and Italy in implementing the UN sponsored no-fly zone in Libya, deploying 20 fighter aircraft to Benghazi in defense of rebel held positions and the civilian population.

" while CAIR spokesman, Ibrahim Hooper, said that the organization didn't receive any money from the Libyan government and also that CAIR was one of the first American organizations to call for a no-fly zone

As a result of the Libyan civil war, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi.

Powell alleged that these training camps had been operating with help from Iraqi agents, despite them being in the northern Iraqi Kurdistan " no-fly zone ", and thus outside of de facto Iraqi control.

A no-fly zone was put into effect during the civil war to prevent government forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi from carrying out air attacks on anti-Gaddafi forces and civilians.

A lack of support from Turkey for the 1996 Iraq no-fly zone ultimately constrained the coalition ’ s ability to effectively enforce it.

According to New Statesman this was " Located at the furthest extreme of the southern no-fly zone, far away from the areas that needed to be patrolled to prevent attacks on the Shias, it was destroyed not because it was a threat to the patrols, but to allow allied special forces operating from Jordan to enter Iraq undetected.

While in command of CENTCOM, General Hoar oversaw a number of different operations in the region, including enforcement of the Persian Gulf and Red Sea naval embargo, enforcement of the southern no-fly zone over Iraq, ground operations in Somalia, and American troop evacuation from Yemen during that country's civil war in 1994.

* In an episode of Boston Legal entitled " Nuts ", lawyer Denny Crane is prohibited from flying to Hawaii because his name is on the no-fly list.

Operating out of Gioia del Colle Air Base near Bari, Italy, on each occasion the squadron took over responsibility for supporting the no-fly zone from 23 Squadron before being relieved by 5 Squadron from RAF Coningsby.

The month of December 1941 was a watershed in the war in the Pacific, yet the French aircraft were more or less left to deteriorate on the ground from that time on as Japan began, firstly, to impose what would today be termed “ no-fly ” zones over the conquered territory and, subsequently, to demand that airfields in French control be surrendered.

" US government officials put Khan on a no-fly list to prevent him from entering the country.

Wing members built and operated from the bare base, and provided support to Operation Southern Watch, supporting UN sanctions and enforcing the no-fly zones in Iraq.