As Euler states, ∫ Mvds is the integral of the momentum over distance travelled, which, in modern notation, equals the reduced action

An abugida ( from Ge ‘ ez አቡጊዳ ’ äbugida ), also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant – vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

signal " from the notation made by a volunteer on the project.

( b ) illustrates the same process using spectroscopic notation,. The Auger effect () is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom.

Opgezwolle, a group from Zwolle's latest album, Eigen Wereld ( Own World ) appeared in the ' Album Top 100 ' at number 4 ; the highest notation of a Dutch rap album ever.

The notation aspect of the Booch method has now been superseded by the Unified Modeling Language ( UML ), which features graphical elements from the Booch method along with elements from the object-modeling technique ( OMT ) and object-oriented software engineering ( OOSE ).

Since the elements can be uniquely sequenced by atomic number, conventionally from lowest to highest ( as in a periodic table ), sets of elements are sometimes specified by such notation as " through ", " beyond ", or " from ... through ", as in " through iron ", " beyond uranium ", or " from lanthanum through lutetium ".

Calcium sulfoaluminate cements are made from clinkers that include ye ' elimite ( Ca < sub > 4 </ sub >( AlO < sub > 2 </ sub >)< sub > 6 </ sub > SO < sub > 4 </ sub > or C < sub > 4 </ sub > A < sub > 3 </ sub > in Cement chemist's notation ) as a primary phase.

When transitioning from one date notation to another, people often write both Old Style and New Style dates.

where the notation ρ is used to describe the distance of the path from the origin instead of R to emphasize that this distance is not fixed, but varies with time.

The museum houses an impressive collection associated with ancient Delphi, including the earliest known notation of a melody, the famous Charioteer, golden treasures discovered beneath the Sacred Way, and fragments of reliefs from the Siphnian Treasury.

Because applying an operator is different from multiplying the components, this is considered an abuse of notation.

A value expressed using an encoding scheme may thus be a token selected from a controlled vocabulary ( for example, a term from a classification system or set of subject headings ) or a string formatted in accordance with a formal notation, for example, " 2000-12-31 " as the ISO standard expression of a date.

The euphonium has an extensive range, comfortably from E2 to about D5 for intermediate players ( using scientific pitch notation ).

Has transcriptions ( standard notation ) and analysis of tunes from multiple regional and ethnic styles.

Many Asian civilizations distinguish between art / court / classical styles and " folk " music, though cultures that do not depend greatly upon notation and have much anonymous art music must distinguish the two in different ways from those suggested by western scholars.

Forth relies heavily on explicit use of a data stack and reverse Polish notation ( RPN or postfix notation ), commonly used in calculators from Hewlett-Packard.

A number of these dice are rolled, usually four at a time (" 4dF " in Fudge dice notation ), and for every plus side that comes up the result of using the Trait is considered one step higher ( e. g. from Fair to Good ) and for every minus side that comes up the result is considered one step lower.

An example of such a finite field is the ring Z / pZ, which is essentially the set of integers from 0 to p − 1 with integer addition and multiplication modulo p. It is also sometimes denoted Z < sub > p </ sub >, but within some areas of mathematics, particularly number theory, this may cause confusion because the same notation Z < sub > p </ sub > is used for the ring of p-adic integers.

Primary sources include more than three hundred choreographies in Beauchamp-Feuillet notation, as well as manuals by Raoul Auger Feuillet and Pierre Rameau in France, Kellom Tomlinson and John Weaver in England, and Gottfried Taubert in Germany.

Many Americans attribute the dish to France and offer as evidence a notation by U. S. President Thomas Jefferson.

* Whether they support mnemonics: For example the number 44 in DDC notation often means it concerns some aspect of France.

There was a significant plainsong revival in the 19th century, when much work was done to restore the correct notation and performance-style of the old plainsong collections, notably by the monks of Solesmes Abbey, in Northern France.

* In mathematics, France uses the infix notation like most countries.

He was an engineer by profession ; later in life he taught at the École polytechnique and the Collège de France, where he had a reputation for eccentric choices of notation.

The notation originated in France with F for fermé ( French: closed ) and σ for somme ( French: sum, union ).

In France, the UIC classification is used for diesels and electrics while a scheme similar to the Whyte notation, but counting axles insteads of wheels, is used for steam locomotives.

Apart from Glover, similar ideas had been elaborated in France by Pierre Galin ( 1786 – 1821 ), Aimé Paris ( 1798 – 1866 ) and Emile Chevé ( 1804 – 1864 ), whose method of teaching how to read at sight also depended on the principle of tonic relationship being taught by the reference of every sound to its tonic, and by the use of a numeric notation.

European classical music, including music from France is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century.

Burlaka utilized the choreographic notation of the Sergeyev Collection, as well as materials found in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the Bakhrushin Theater Museum and the St. Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music to assist in mounting a historically informed production.

In Britain the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels.

In Britain the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels.

As in so many programming languages, the operation ( V, x ) is often written V ← x ( or some similar notation ), and ( V ) is implied whenever a variable V is used in a context where a value is required.

A production rule in is formalized mathematically as a pair, where is a non-terminal and is a string of variables and nonterminals ; rather than using ordered pair notation, production rules are usually written using an arrow operator with as its left hand side and as its right hand side:

The common notation for the divergence ∇· F is a convenient mnemonic, where the dot denotes an operation reminiscent of the dot product: take the components of ∇ ( see del ), apply them to the components of F, and sum the results.

However multiple external entities may be referenced ( in a space-separated list of names ) in attributes declared with type ENTITIES, and where each named external entity is also declared with its own notation ).

Other notational traditions do exist ; Italian solo music is typically written at the sounding pitch, and the " old " German method sounded an octave below where notation except in the treble clef, where the music was written at pitch.

Other types of notation are used in algebraic expressions when the required formatting is not available, or can not be implied, such as where only letters and symbols are available.

In RPN, the operator is placed after its operands, as opposed to the more common infix notation where the operator is placed between its operands.

Another notation is GF ( p < sup > n </ sup >), where the letters " GF " stand for " Galois field ".

where is the representation of the wavefunction in Dirac notation, and is the Kronecker delta function.

One of the binary numbers to be multiplied is represented as a trivial polynomial, where, ( using the above notation ): a < sub > i </ sub >

Tabulature notation ( often abbreviated as " tab ") is a method of writing melodies by indicating where the notes are played on the instrument, rather than by indicating the pitches with circles and note heads printed on a staff, as with standard notation.

One of the advantages of tab is that it can be easier for performers without formal training to learn, because the notation directly indicates where to play the note.

Examples of ideograms include wayfinding signs, such as in airports and other environments where many people may not be familiar with the language of the place they are in, as well as Arabic numerals and formal languages ( mathematical notation, logic, UML ), which are used worldwide regardless of how they are pronounced in different languages.

An alternative representation uses degrees and minutes, where parts of a minute are expressed in decimal notation with a fraction, thus: 23 ° 27. 500 ′ E. Degrees may also be expressed as a decimal fraction: 23. 45833 ° E. For calculations, the angular measure may be converted to radians, so longitude may also be expressed in this manner as a signed fraction of π ( pi ), or an unsigned fraction of 2π.

The notation is used, because it is the factor ring of by the ideal containing all integers divisible by n, where is the singleton set.

In 1252, Safi al-Din al-Urmawi developed a form of musical notation, where rhythms were represented by geometric representation.

for some positive constant a, where O (…) is the big O notation.

The programming language is augmented with natural language description details, where convenient, or with compact mathematical notation.

Prefix notation has seen wide application in Lisp s-expressions, where the brackets are required due to the arithmetic operators having variable arity.

where a sum over μ is performed according to the rules of Einstein notation.

Sorting algorithms are prevalent in introductory computer science classes, where the abundance of algorithms for the problem provides a gentle introduction to a variety of core algorithm concepts, such as big O notation, divide and conquer algorithms, data structures, randomized algorithms, best, worst and average case analysis, time-space tradeoffs, and upper and lower bounds.