Most americium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains about 100 grams of americium.

The major isotope of berkelium, berkelium-249, is synthesized in minute quantities in dedicated high-flux nuclear reactors, mainly at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, USA, and at the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Dimitrovgrad, Russia.

It is also used as a lubricant and a pigment, as a molding material in glass manufacture, in electrodes for dry batteries and in electroplating and electroforming, in brushes for electric motors and as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors.

The site served as a plutonium production complex, with nine nuclear reactors and related facilities located on the banks of the river.

Most curium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains about 20 grams of curium.

For example, californium can be used to help start up nuclear reactors, and it is employed as a source of neutrons when studying materials with neutron diffraction and neutron spectroscopy.

Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite, while the radioisotopes, especially caesium-137, a fission product, are extracted from waste produced by nuclear reactors.

Kuiper belt objects are known to be rich in organic compounds such as tholins, so some form of life existing on their surfaces is not entirely implausible – though perhaps not going so far as to develop natural internal nuclear reactors, as have Forward's.

This is the principle for nuclear reactors and atomic bombs.

Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications, and as a component of Terfenol-D. Soluble dysprosium salts are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are considered non-toxic.

Because of dysprosium's high thermal neutron absorption cross-section, dysprosium oxide-nickel cermets are used in neutron-absorbing control rods in nuclear reactors.

The Old Guard agreed with Ike however on the development and ownership of nuclear reactors by private enterprises, which the democrats opposed.

In the coastal town of Paldiski, the removal of waste left by Soviet army nuclear reactors was also a major concern.

Its most common isotope einsteinium-253 ( half life 20. 47 days ) is produced artificially from decay of californium-252 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with a total yield on the order of one milligram per year.

Fluid-based magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) power generation has been studied as a method for extracting electrical power from nuclear reactors and also from more conventional fuel combustion systems.

Fermi's group soon made the discovery of slow neutrons, which was to prove pivotal for the working of nuclear reactors.

The radiation process is unrelated to nuclear energy, but it may use the radiation emitted from radioactive nuclides produced in nuclear reactors.

Gadolinium as a metal or salt has exceptionally high absorption of neutrons and therefore is used for shielding in neutron radiography and in nuclear reactors.

Hafnium's large neutron capture cross-section makes it a good material for neutron absorption in control rods in nuclear power plants, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors.

In contrast with this, zirconium is practically transparent to thermal neutrons, and it is commonly used for the metal components of nuclear reactors – especially the claddings of their nuclear fuel rods.

A great many writers are bewitched by the apparently overwhelming advantage an attacker would have if he were to strike with complete surprise using nuclear rockets.

In contrast to the nuclear changes described above, another change in muscle nuclei was seen, usually occurring in fibers that were somewhat smaller than normal but that showed distinct cross-striations and myofibrillae.

Policies on nuclear test ban negotiations were reviewed and changed.

-- Vital secrets of Britain's first atomic submarine, the Dreadnought, and, by implication, of the entire United States navy's still-building nuclear sub fleet, were stolen by a London-based soviet spy ring, secret service agents testified today.

A year later, Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch verified that Hahn's result were the first experimental nuclear fission.

* In November 2000, nuclear spin temperatures below 100 pK were reported for an experiment at the Helsinki University of Technology's Low Temperature Lab.

The Soviets were threatened because the Americans might have been able to make a nuclear first strike possible.

An ASROC missile could hypothetically carry a 10 kiloton W44 nuclear warhead, although the W44-armed nuclear weapons were retired by 1989, and all types of nuclear depth bombs were removed from deployment.

At the start of the Cold War, bombers were the only means to take nuclear weapons to enemy targets, and had the role of deterrence.

Once " stand off " nuclear weapon designs were developed, bombers did not need to pass over the target at high altitude to make an attack ; they could fire and turn away to escape the blast.

Although very small amounts of berkelium were possibly produced in previous nuclear experiments, it was first intentionally synthesized, isolated and identified in December 1949 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso and Stanley G. Thompson.

They were also vehemently opposed to unilateral nuclear disarmament, an increasingly popular policy amongst members of the party.

While ballistic missiles were the preferred weapons for land targets, heavy nuclear and conventional tipped cruise missiles were seen by the USSR as a primary weapon to destroy US naval carrier battle groups.

CND's declared policies were the unconditional renunciation of the use, production of or dependence upon nuclear weapons by Britain and the bringing about of a general disarmament convention.

Amongst the activities of the CPS were commissioning Gallup polls which showed the levels of support for British possession of nuclear weapons, providing speakers at public meetings, highlighting the left-wing affiliations of leading CND figures and mounting counter-demonstrations against CND.

Programmes of this sort were initially discussed at least as early as the 1920s and were implemented in many countries, but only became widespread in the USA after the threat of nuclear weapons was realised.

There were several serious confrontations between the U. S. and Denmark on security policy in the so-called " footnote era " ( 1982 – 88 ), when an alternative parliamentary majority forced the government to adopt specific national positions on nuclear and arms control issues.

R1 was to be the main site for almost all Swedish nuclear research until 1970 when the reactor was finally decommissioned, mostly due to the increased awareness of the risks associated with operating a reactor in a densely populated area of Stockholm.

The Ship / Submarine Recycling Program ( SRP ) is the process the United States Navy uses to dispose of decommissioned nuclear vessels.

The United States operates nuclear powered aircraft carriers, but no nuclear powered carrier has been decommissioned.

The Hanford Site is a mostly decommissioned nuclear production complex on the Columbia River in the U. S. state of Washington, operated by the United States federal government.

Further, though neither was ever used for their intended purpose, Hatley Castle in British Columbia was purchased in 1940 by King George VI in Right of Canada to use as his home during the course of World War II, and the Emergency Government Headquarters, built in 1959 at CFS Carp and decommissioned in 1994, included a residential apartment for the sovereign or governor general in the case of a nuclear attack on Ottawa.

All of the Navy's nuclear cruisers have been decommissioned.

Since the closure of Garretts, the town's economy has been dominated by the two nuclear power stations on the coast at Sizewell: the now decommissioned Magnox reactor of Sizewell A and the more modern Pressurised Water Reactor of Sizewell B.

The plant was in operation from 1960 to 1992, and the plant is now completely decommissioned, with the nuclear waste set to be transported to Yucca Mountain's containment facilities upon their completion in 2020.

In Dodewaard a nuclear power plant with a boiling water reactor has been decommissioned.

There is a project in progress to develop pebbles and reactors that use MOX fuel, that mixes uranium with plutonium from either reprocessed fuel rods or decommissioned nuclear weapons.

Data obtained from this test, and others culminated in the eventual deployment of the highest yielding US nuclear weapon known, and as a side, the highest Yield-to-weight weapon ever made a three-stage thermonuclear weapon, with a maximum ' dirty ' yield of 25-megatons designated as the B41 nuclear bomb, which was to be carried by U. S. Air Force bombers until it was decommissioned ; this weapon was never fully tested.

*, was a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine, decommissioned on 10 July 1998.

*, was a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine decommissioned in 1999

* The second USS Sumner ( AG-32 / AGS-5 ) was originally the submarine tender Bushnell ; commissioned in 1915, converted to a survey ship in World War II, and a participant in the nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll ; decommissioned in 1946.

It is also the site of the remains of Calder Hall, the world's first commercial nuclear power station, now being decommissioned, as well as some other older nuclear facilities at Windscale.

There was also the Navy's USS Nathanael Greene, a James Madison-class nuclear submarine ( decommissioned in 1986 ).

About 137 active and 140 decommissioned or idle naval nuclear reactors, produced by the Soviet military, remain on the peninsula.

As Soviet ( and now Russian ) naval nuclear vessels are decommissioned, they are laid up at Polyarny to await defuelling and disposal.

As Soviet Navy ( and now Russian Navy ) nuclear vessels are decommissioned, they are laid up at Polyarny awaiting defueling and disposal.

This nuclear reactor was installed both as a land-based prototype at the Nuclear Power Training Unit, Idaho National Laboratory near Arco, Idaho, and on board the USS Narwhal ( SSN-671 ); both have been decommissioned.

* Zion Nuclear Power Station, a decommissioned nuclear power plant in Zion, Illinois