The presence of these two opposing factors implies a point at which the combined blur spot is minimized ( Gibson 1975, 64 ); at that point, the < var > f </ var >- number is optimal for image sharpness, for this given depth of field – a wider aperture ( lower f-number ) causes more defocus, while a narrower aperture ( higher f-number ) causes more diffraction.

The optimization reduces the effective depth to slightly more than half that of simple minimax if the nodes are evaluated in an optimal or near optimal order ( best choice for side on move ordered first at each node ).

If the move ordering for the search is optimal ( meaning the best moves are always searched first ), the number of leaf node positions evaluated is about O ( b * 1 * b * 1 *...* b ) for odd depth and O ( b * 1 * b * 1 *...* 1 ) for even depth, or.

Classical voice instructors describe the optimal balance of clearness and darkness in the singing voice tone as chiaroscuro: a combination of brightness and " ping " ( brilliance and resonance ) with warmth and depth i. e. the ' dark ' colours ( natural or manufactured ) of the individual timbre.

Although there was still no aircraft capable of lifting these bombs to their optimal release altitude, these two bombs could still be dropped from a lower altitude, entering the earth at supersonic speed and penetrating to a depth of 20 metres before exploding.

It is optimal when the path cost is a non-decreasing function of the depth of the node.

optimal soil depth is between 50 and 100 cm, with a light soil texture.

The asymptotically best known sorting network, called AKS network after its discoverers Ajtai, Komlós, and Szemerédi, achieves depth O ( log n ) and size for n inputs, which is asymptotically optimal.

With Ajtai and Komlós he proved the ct < sup > 2 </ sup >/ log t upper bound for the Ramsey number R ( 3, t ), and constructed a sorting network of optimal depth.

When no predators are nearby, a school of baitfish frequently appears as a thin horizontal line across the screen, at the depth where the temperature and oxygen levels are optimal.

Major INR initiatives under Tom Fingar's leadership included the creation of the Humanitarian Information Unit to cope with such humanitarian emergencies as HIV / AIDS, reconstruction in Afghanistan and Iraq, and tsunami relief ; the transformation of INR's TIPOFF terrorism database into a major resource for national watch listing organizations after 9 / 11 ; and shifting INR's focus from " current intelligence " toward an optimal balance between briefing policy makers on fast moving issues and providing new insight through more in depth analytical products.

The most prominent evidence supporting Behrenfeld's hypothesis is that phytoplankton blooms occur before optimal growth conditions as predicted by mixed depth shoaling, when the phytoplankton concentrations are more diluted.

The optimal structure depends on the natural organization of the application's data, and on the application's requirements, which include transaction rate ( speed ), reliability, maintainability, scalability, and cost.

While optimal aperture can be determined mechanically, how much sharpness is required depends on how the image will be used – if the final image is viewed under normal conditions ( e. g., an 8 ″× 10 ″ image viewed at 10 ″), it may suffice to determine the < var > f </ var >- number using criteria for minimum required sharpness, and there may be no practical benefit from further reducing the size of the blur spot.

Once the photon map is constructed ( or during construction ), it is typically arranged in a manner that is optimal for the k-nearest neighbor algorithm, as photon look-up time depends on the spatial distribution of the photons.

They emphasize yet for these classical modalities that any optimal categorization depends very much on the application domain and use case.

The optimal tapping point ( or ratio of coil inductances ) depends on the amplifying device used, which may be a bipolar junction transistor, FET, triode, or amplifier of almost any type ( non-inverting in this case, although variations of the circuit with an earthed centre-point and feedback from an inverting amplifier or the collector / drain of a transistor are also common ), but a Junction FET ( shown ) or triode is often employed as a good degree of amplitude stability ( and thus distortion reduction ) can be achieved with a simple grid leak resistor-capacitor combination in series with the gate or grid ( see the Scott circuit below ) thanks to diode conduction on signal peaks building up enough negative bias to limit amplification.

At any moment in time the optimal driving speed depends on the weather ( forecast ) and the remaining capacity of the batteries.

One commonly-used scoring matrix for BLASTp searches is BLOSUM62, although the optimal scoring matrix depends on sequence similarity.

Fermi estimates are also useful in approaching problems where the optimal choice of calculation method depends on the expected size of the answer.

The optimal speed of rotation depends on the size of the tumbler barrel and materials involved.

The payoff depends on the optimal ( maximum or minimum ) underlying asset's price occurring over the life of the option.

The optimal organization, leadership, or decision making style depends upon various internal and external constraints ( factors ).

The optimal value of the above problem depends on and and is denoted.

The Incentive-Intensity Principle states that the optimal intensity of incentives depends on four factors: the incremental profits created by additional effort, the precision with which the desired activities are assessed, the agent ’ s risk tolerance, and the agent ’ s responsiveness to incentives.

For non-isotropic ( anisotropic ) coatings, the optimal coating depends on the shape of the target and the radar direction, but duality, the symmetry of Maxwell's equations between the electric and magnetic fields, tells one that optimal coatings have η < sub > 0 </ sub > × η < sub > 1 </ sub > = 377 < sup > 2 </ sup > Ω < sup > 2 </ sup >, where η < sub > 0 </ sub > and η < sub > 1 </ sub > are perpendicular components of the anisotropic surface impedance, aligned with edges and / or the radar direction.

Since this decision has no obvious correct answer, the optimal answer depends on the needs of the customer.

The optimal angle depends upon the knife geometry, the cut speed and many other parameters.

They proved that the optimal policies for the N installations can be found by solving recursively a dynamic programming problem in which the value function depends on the inventory levels at each installation and the orders from successive installations which have not yet been delivered.

What will be the optimal experiment design depends on the particular utility criterion chosen.

The optimal size and function of an organism's eyes, brain, limbs etc., depends purely on the environment in which that organism finds itself.

Since the optimal mix of input levels depends on the wage and rental rates, these rates are also arguments of the conditional demand functions for the inputs.

The required storage capacity of a holding tank depends upon two items: daily sewage flow, and available or optimal pumping service frequency.

Proceeding in this way up the table we extract the complete optimal policy and, if it is desired, we can check on Af by evaluating Af at the last stage.

The stock is hinged so the flukes can orient toward the bottom ( and on some designs may be adjusted for an optimal angle depending on the bottom type ).

If, however, one picks non-optimally, after improving a sub-optimal component and moving on to improve a more optimal component, one can see an increase in return.

While nations often strive for substantive harmony to facilitate cross-national distribution, philosophical differences about the optimal extent of regulation can be a hindrance ; more restrictive regulations seem appealing on an intuitive level, but critics decry the tradeoff cost in terms of slowing access to life-saving developments.

In games which have a skill element, such as Blackjack or Spanish 21, the house edge is defined as the house advantage from optimal play ( without the use of advanced techniques such as card counting ), on the first hand of the shoe ( the container that holds the cards ).

The set of the optimal plays for all possible hands is known as " basic strategy " and is highly dependent on the specific rules, and even the number of decks used.

In the case of an optimal separation, different peaks or patterns on the chromatogram correspond to different components of the separated mixture.

There is a close connection between machine learning and compression: a system that predicts the posterior probabilities of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression ( by using arithmetic coding on the output distribution ), while an optimal compressor can be used for prediction ( by finding the symbol that compresses best, given the previous history ).

Sam Harris argues that there are societally optimal " moral peaks " to discover. In modern times, many thinkers discussing the fact-value distinction and the Is-ought problem have settled on the idea that one cannot derive ought from is.

Charles S. Peirce also contributed the first English-language publication on an optimal design for regression-models in 1876.

For the case of power-of-two, Papadimitriou ( 1979 ) argued that the number of complex-number additions achieved by Cooley – Tukey algorithms is optimal under certain assumptions on the graph of the algorithm ( his assumptions imply, among other things, that no additive identities in the roots of unity are exploited ).

A slightly larger count ( but still better than split radix for N ≥ 256 ) was shown to be provably optimal for N ≤ 512 under additional restrictions on the possible algorithms ( split-radix-like flowgraphs with unit-modulus multiplicative factors ), by reduction to a Satisfiability Modulo Theories problem solvable by brute force ( Haynal & Haynal, 2011 ).

In addition to these critical items, the equipment used to assemble the cartridge also has an effect on its uniformity / consistency and optimal shape / size ; dies used to size the cartridges can be matched to the chamber of a given gun.

Results of these tests are an objective measure of an athlete's fitness ; however, weight, technique and team coordination also impact performance in a boat, thus assembling a crew based purely on erg scores is not an optimal strategy.

Rousseau asserted that the stage of human development associated with what he called " savages " was the best and most optimal in human development, between the less-than optimal extreme of brute animals on the one hand and the extreme of decadent civilization on the other.

Much like the use of probability in optimal coding theory, rate-distortion theory heavily draws on Bayesian estimation and decision theory in order to model perceptual distortion and even aesthetic judgment.

By the assumptions of increasing marginal costs, exogenous inputs ' prices, and control concentrated on a single agent or entrepreneur, the optimal decision is to equate the marginal cost and marginal revenue of production.

Because it does not know the whole input, an online algorithm is forced to make decisions that may later turn out not to be optimal, and the study of online algorithms has focused on the quality of decision-making that is possible in this setting.