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original and shorthand
The coinage, particularly the use of the-graph root, may have been influenced by the then-existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand ; in 1852 The New York Times carried an advertisement for " Professor Webster's phonographic class ", F. B. Fenby was the original author of the word.
Utopias original edition included the symmetrical " Utopian alphabet " that was omitted from later editions ; it is a notable, early attempt at cryptography that might have influenced the development of shorthand.
.," is that the original clause was transferred from the speaker, as a kind of shorthand to the subject itself, as though " it " had expressed the hope.
The practice is rare today, even in the original Loyalist strongholds like southeastern Ontario, but historians and genealogists still use it extensively as a kind of shorthand for identifying the ancestry of particular families.
Ecolo ( which officially stands for Écologistes Confédérés pour l ' organisation de luttes originales " Confederated ecologists for the organisation of original struggles ", but in reality is a shorthand for " ecology " or " ecologist ") is a French-speaking Belgian green political party in Wallonia, Brussels and the German-speaking Community of Belgium.
The original Dutton Speedwords manuals are now out of print, but the method has seen a revival since the start of the 21st century, as its applications on online work have become noted, such as the benefit of using a shorthand method for typing e-mail.
The length of this text is 109 letters ( ignoring the parenthetic note on Greek ), whereas the original text contains only 87 or 88 characters: Sams claimed the surplus letters are implied by phonetic shorthand.
" Thus, even if we accept that Shostakovich had a photographic memory, we are still left with the notion that Volkov transcribed the composer's memories in personal shorthand, shuffled and re-shuffled these " penciled scribbles " ( Volkov's term ), and managed to reproduce entire paragraphs of previously published material verbatim, right down to the original typography and layout.

original and had
He had been one of the original Night Riders, one who had escaped the trial.
For the tone of the editorials which greeted Mr. Eisenhower's original announcement of his running had been strangely disquieting.
While studying at the seminary in Andover, Adoniram had been working on a New Testament translation from the original Greek.
For by now the original cause of the quarrel, Philip's seizure of Gascony, was only one strand in the spider web of French interests that overlay all western Europe and that had been so well and closely spun that the lightest movement could set it trembling from one end to the other.
If his circumspection in regard to Philip's sensibilities went so far that he even refused to grant a dispensation for the marriage of Amadee's daughter, Agnes, to the son of the dauphin of Vienne -- a truly peacemaking move according to thirteenth-century ideas, for Savoy and Dauphine were as usual fighting on opposite sides -- for fear that he might seem to be favoring the anti-French coalition, he would certainly never take the far more drastic step of ordering the return of Gascony to Edward, even though, as he admitted to the English ambassadors, he had been advised that the original cession was invalid.
He had not yet undertaken the great exploit of his later years, the rediscovery of the ancient Inca highway, the route of Pizarro in Peru, but he had climbed to the original El Dorado, the Andean lake of Guatemala, and he had scaled the southern Sierra Nevada with its Tibetan-like people and looked into the emerald mines of Muzo.
Heywood Broun wrote: `` Belle Poitrine is the most original thinker since Caligula '', and even F.D.R. had to concede that `` if the rest of this nation showed the foresight and patriotism of Miss Poitrine, America would rapidly resemble ancient Babylon and Nineveh ''.
Spectra were also obtained from a third sample of Af which had been diluted to three times its original volume with powdered, anhydrous alundum ( Af ).
Down in Concord, New Hampshire, was a flier in the right place at the right time: Robert S. Fogg, a native New Englander, had been a World War 1, flying instructor, barnstormer, and one of the original planners of the Concord Airport.
Piloting a Curtiss Navy MF flying boat off Lake Winnipesaukee in 1925, he had inaugurated the original Rural Delivery air service in America.
The original impulses came to England late ( in the sixteenth century ) and continue strong long after everyone else had gone on to the baroque basso continuo, sonatas, operas and the like.
In 1851, he represented Alton & Sangamon Railroad in a dispute with one of its shareholders, James A. Barret, who had refused to pay the balance on his pledge to buy shares in the railroad on the grounds that the company had changed its original train route.
In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, interest in Aristotle revived and Latin Christians had translations made, both from Arabic translations, such as those by Gerard of Cremona, and from the original Greek, such as those by James of Venice and William of Moerbeke.
This essay had the same shock value as the original " Modest Proposal " for those readers who had not been exposed to Swift.
This request was immediately approved in a meeting presided by Carlos Bowers, who had proposed the name " Alumni " to the original football team 50 years before.
The original Millennium Challenge Account commitment for $ 235 million had been reduced to about $ 175 million due to Armenia ’ s poor governance record.
But probably the most influential and original of these schools was the Chan sect, which had an even stronger impact in Japan as the Zen sect.
By 325, the controversy had become significant enough that the Emperor Constantine called an assembly of bishops, the First Council of Nicaea, which condemned Arius ' doctrine and formulated the original Nicene Creed of 325.
Tales of Mystery and Imagination was first remixed in 1987 for release on CD, and included narration by Orson Welles which had been recorded in 1975, but arrived too late to be included on the original album.
It had been painted a dreary brown and many of its interior color schemes had been abandoned or allowed to deteriorate, but it has since been restored and many of the original colors revived.

original and alphabet
* The original order (), used for lettering, derives from the order of the Phoenician alphabet, and is therefore similar to the order of other Phoenician-derived alphabets, such as the Hebrew alphabet.
The choices of letters come from the original convention, which is to use the latter part of the alphabet to indicate unknown values.
Digamma / wau was part of the original archaic Greek alphabet as initially adopted from Phoenician.
" According to some records, the original seventh letter, ⟨ z ⟩, had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius, who found it distasteful and foreign.
The number of letters in the original Glagolitic alphabet is not known, but may have been close to its presumed Greek model.
Twenty-four of the 41 original Glagolitic letters ( see table below ) probably derive from graphemes of the medieval cursive Greek small alphabet, but have been given an ornamental design.
Their original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but in order to make it usable for other languages, the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language.
From the Cumae alphabet, the Etruscan alphabet was derived and the Romans eventually adopted 21 of the original 26 Etruscan letters:
This is rare nowadays since many people write Nahuatl without any orthographic sign and with the letters k, s and w, not present in the original alphabet.
The original ( or " Baudot ") radioteletype system is based almost invariably on the Baudot code or ITA-2 5 bit alphabet.
The message was all capital letters because the original Morse code alphabet had no question mark or lower case.
The most significant change however was the elimination of the positional shape variations: All letters were based on the medial variant of the original Mongol alphabet.
This is supported by records of an inscription from Ovid's Ars Amatoria, which was on the now-lost original frame of the Arnolfini Portrait, and by the many Latin inscriptions in van Eyck paintings, using the Roman alphabet, then reserved for educated men.
The Old Norse language, which had first been written with the Latin alphabet in the 12th century, was used in administration, as well as for the composition of original literature, and the translation of foreign literature.
At least one instance of the Latin alphabet crops up in the original version of Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (" POWER – TRACTOR BEAM 12 ( SEC.
This means that Thaana is one of the few alphabets not derived graphically from the original Semitic alphabet — unless the Indic numerals were ( see Brahmi numerals ).
# Thai borrowed a large number of words from Sanskrit and Pali, and the Thai alphabet was created so that the original spelling of these words could be preserved as much as possible.
Cadmus was credited by the ancient Greeks ( Herodotus is an example ) with introducing the original Alphabet or Phoenician alphabet -- phoinikeia grammata, " Phoenician letters " -- to the Greeks, who adapted it to form their Greek alphabet.
When Kyrgyzstan became independent following the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, there was a popular idea among some Kyrgyz people to make transition to the Latin alphabet ( taking in mind a version closer to the Turkish alphabet, not the original alphabet of 1928 – 1940 ), but the plan was never implemented.

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