Short sections of material can be repeated to create ostinato patterns.

In music, an ostinato ( derived from Italian: " stubborn ", compare English: ' obstinate ') is a motif or phrase, which is persistently repeated in the same musical voice, usually at the same pitch.

Nigerian music also uses ostinato rhythms, in which a rhythmic pattern is repeated despite changes in metre.

The drum machines are usually accompanied by simple, repeated synthesizer melodies in the form of ostinato, to create a hypnotic effect, and heavy bass stabs.

* Ostinati ( plural of ostinato ), a melodic and / or rhythmic figure that is persistently repeated throughout a piece or a section of a piece

Note well that a guajeo is the typical Cuban / Afro-Cuban ostinato melody, a motif or phrase which is continually repeated in the same musical voice, usually consisting of arpeggiated chords in syncopated patterns.

Just before the coda, Lennon's intro riff ( or ostinato ), is repeated with a bright sound by George Harrison on electric guitar ( a Gretsch Tennessean ), followed by the more " electric " sound of John's amped acoustic.

Finally, the term montuno is also used for a piano guajeo, the ostinato figure accompanying the montuno section, when it describes a repeated syncopated piano vamp, often with chromatic root movement.

The lamento, a chromatic ostinato, is repeated twelve times.

Concerning the role of clave in salsa music, Charley Gerard states: “ The clave feeling is in the music whether or not the claves are actually being played .” Every ostinato part which spans a cycle of four main beats, has a specific alignment with clave, and expresses the rhythmic qualities of clave either explicitly or implicitly.

The rhythmic ostinato accompanying the instrumental improvisation ( ritimli taksim ) for the belly-dance parallels that of the classical gazel, a vocal improvisation in free rhythm with rhythmic accompaniment.

The clave pattern is used in North American popular music as a rhythmic motif or ostinato, or simply a form of rhythmic decoration.

One of the basic rhythms of Rouse's opera Failing Kansas is a five-beat isorhythm ( rhythmic ostinato ) against which either the harmony or drum pattern often reinforces the four-or eight-beat meter.

Vocal polyphony based on ostinato formulas and rhythmic drone are widely distributed in all Georgian regional styles.

This row, which seems to show a preference for minor thirds and sixths, is used as the basis of both the melody and the rhythmic ostinato that accompanies it.

The row also demonstrates some other characteristic features of the composer's 12-tone technique, including the use of constant rhythmic values, no octave transpositions within the series, and the row's use frequently as an accompanimental ostinato.

A rough ostinato figure, heard first in the introduction to the inn scene, characterizes him amusingly and reappears whenever he comes into the action:

A characteristic mannerism in Rossini's orchestral scoring is a long, steady building of sound over an ostinato figure, creating " tempests in teapots by beginning in a whisper and rising to a flashing, glittering storm ," which earned him the nickname of " Signor Crescendo ".

The third movement starts with an ostinato in the style of Bruckner that gives way to a recurring idea based on the opening leaping figure of the first movement, initially stated on horns.

The tres plays the typical Cuban ostinato figure known as guajeo.

Stylistically, a piece of music featuring the kafir harp may begin with an ostinato figure on the harp, underneath a soloist ( who may or may not be the kafir player himself ) and / or by syncopated hand-clapping.

It is followed by a guitar sequence used throughout the song as an ostinato figure after each verse.

In the first half of the verse, the ostinato figure continues to play and the first word of each line is punctuated by exclamatory background vocals.

The second half of each verse is harmonized with " oohs ", and the ostinato figure begins before the last line finishes.

The overlapping of the ostinato figure contributes to the slightly disordered feel of the song.

This new set widened his playing ; he abandoned his hi-hat cymbals almost entirely and started basing his grooves on a double bass ostinato with eighth note flams, and a wall of white noise created by riding a crash or ride cymbal.

An ostinato is always a succession of equal sounds, wherein each note always has the same weight or stress.

He also points to a " verifiable pensato " in the last bar of Alban Berg's Lyric Suite: " The instruments drop out one by one, the four parts converging into a single line that continues into an ostinato on the last two notes of the derived series and becomes inaudible on the penultimate note of the series, seemingly continuing into the silence beyond.

Picking up directly after the last note of the guitar solo, the organ ( with quiet bass and drums ) takes over for a five-minute ostinato sequence, playing chords based on E-minor, gradually joined by soprano voices and then a choir.

He chose his themes from folk song collections available at the time he composed the piece, taking Glinka's Kamarinskaya as a model in taking a slow song for the introduction, then for the fast section choosing two songs compatible in structure with the ostinato pattern of the Kamarinskaya dance song.

Balakirev's use of two songs in this section was an important departure from the model, as it allowed him to link the symphonic process of symphonic form with Glinka's variations on an ostinato pattern, and in contrasting them treat the songs symphonically instead of merely decoratively.

Composers of the Mannheim school introduced a number of novel ideas into the orchestral music of their day: sudden crescendos – the Mannheim Crescendo ( a crescendo developed via the whole orchestra ) – and diminuendos ; crescendos with piano releases ; the Mannheim Rocket ( a swiftly ascending passage typically having a rising arpeggiated melodic line ); the Mannheim Roller ( an extended crescendo passage typically having a rising melodic line over an ostinato bass line ); the Mannheim Sigh ( a mannered treatment of the Baroque practice of putting more weight on the first of two notes in descending pairs of slurred notes ); the Mannheim Birds ( imitation of birds chirping in solo passages ) and the Grand Pause where the playing stops for a moment, resulting in total silence, only to restart vigorously.

The work is brief, with two fast movements bookending a slow middle movement that features the first clarinet player in solo role with the second clarinet taking an accompaniment role with an ostinato.

The contradanza included many of the forms that are known in the son, such as, melodies in duet form, the presence of clave, short vocal refrains, distinctive syncopations, and the two part song form of a " song-like " first part and the ostinato " montuno " section.

The obrom, when struck with mallets near the recesses, plays two to four tones ; these are generally alternated in a repetitive beat, or played in an ostinato.

Stravinsky himself regarded this ostinato as " the root idea of the whole symphony ", a four-note set consisting of a sequence of " two minor thirds joined by a major third ", and stated that it initiated in the trumpet-harp motive at the beginning of the allegro section of the third movement, which was composed first.

Bach's work shares some features with north German ostinato works, most notably Buxtehude's two chaconnes ( BuxWV 159 – 160 ) and a passacaglia ( BuxWV 161 ), and there is clear influence of Pachelbel's chaconnes in several variations and the overall structure.

Brackett ( ibid ) finds the cut in all African American folk and popular music " from ring to rap " and lists the blues ( AAB ), " Rhythm " changes in jazz, the AABA form of bebop, the ostinato vamps at the end of gospel songs allowing improvisation and a rise in energy, short ostinatos of funk which spread that intensity throughout the song, samples in rap, the last of which cuts on two levels, the repetition of the sample itself and its intertexual repetition.

Throughout the entire piece is a B-flat octave ostinato, imitative of the tolling bell, that must remain distinctive and constant in tone as the notes cross over and dynamics change.

The first ostinato section in measure 2, which is played in the oboe and bassoon, could be six notes from the octatonic scale starting C-D-E-F, etc., but incomplete sets such as this illustrate the controversial nature of the extent of its use.

Frequently an ostinato in the orchestra builds up an almost unbearable tension which is resolved only in the final bars of the piece.

A guajeo is a typical Cuban ostinato melody, most often consisting of arpeggiated chords in syncopated patterns.

Apparently an octave drone is possible, or even an ostinato alternating the fifth step of a scale with an octave.

It is most often played by hand and is especially associated in Cuban music with a steady pattern or ostinato of eighth-notes known as the martillo or " hammer ".

This eventually leads to a quick, majestic passage that is another ostinato, but different from the invasion theme in the first movement.

: p Introductions may be an ostinato that is used in the following music, an important chord or progression that establishes the tonality and groove for the following music, important but disguised or out of context motivic or thematic material.

Formally, Mbenga – Mbuti Pygmy music consists of at most only four parts, and can be described as an, " ostinato with variations ," or similar to a passacaglia, in that it is cyclical.

There is a cadenza of quick triplet ostinatos which leads to the final section: speeding octaves and chords, culminating in a large run of the triplet ostinato up the keyboard along an F Major 6 chord, bringing the movement to a close.

Johann Pachelbel studied Kerll's style, which is particularly obvious from his organ chaconnes, which are reminiscent of Kerll's ostinato works ; he may have also studied with Kerll, although there is no proof.