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Page "Politics of Estonia" ¶ 2
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parliament and also
The unicameral parliament ( also called the National Assembly ) is dominated by a coalition, called " Unity " ( Miasnutyun ), between the Republican and Peoples Parties and the Agro-Technical Peoples Union, aided by numerous independents.
The Irish Free State, whose consent to the Abdication Act was also required, neither gave it nor allowed the British legislation to take effect in the Free State's jurisdiction ; instead, the Irish parliament passed its own Act — the Executive Authority ( External Relations ) Act — the day after the Declaration of Abdication Act took force elsewhere, meaning Edward VIII, for one day, remained King of Ireland while George VI was king of all the other realms.
In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament.
Moore shows that the diffusion of power within a party tends to also lead to a diffusion of power in the parliament in which that party operates, thereby making coalitions more likely.
The party also made gains in the two state elections held at the same time, acquiring sufficient seats for a CDU-FDP coalition in the northernmost state, Schleswig-Holstein and gaining enough votes in left leaning Brandenburg to clear the 5 % hurdle to enter that state's parliament.
According to the Italian Constitution, after his resignation from the office of President, Cossiga became lifetime senator, joining his predecessors in the upper house of parliament, with whom he also shared the title of President Emeritus of the Italian Republic.
It also gives parliament the right to vote down the government, forcing it either to resign or seek a parliamentary dissolution.
A bicameral parliament was also created, in which an elected lower chamber, the Chamber of Deputies ( with one deputy for every 12, 000 people in Albania and one for the Albanian community in the United States ), appointed members of its own ranks to an upper chamber, the Senate.
The 1948 Constitution of Italy establishes the parliament, an executive branch ( cabinet ), headed by the Prime Minister ( also called President of the Council ), and an independent judicial branch headed by the ' Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura '.
Also known as the parliament of Labour, the conference also makes decisions about the ILO's general policy, work programme and budget.
* 1265 – In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting held by Simon de Montfort in the Palace of Westminster, now also known colloquially as the " Houses of Parliament ".
Although the changes gave the president the power to dissolve parliament, it also more clearly defined the parliament's powers.
The government was a coalition of ZZS, TP ( People's party ), and LPP ( First Party ); the coalition has only 46 out of 100 seats in Latvia's parliament, but was also supported by TSP, the leftist party of national harmony.
Council communists also believed in diminishing the role of the party to one of agitation and propaganda, rejected all participation in elections or parliament, and argued that workers should leave the reactionary trade unions and form one big revolutionary union.
The amendments also limited the powers of the judiciary to what parliament grants them.
Most of the work is executed by the Executive Branch which consists of the Cabinet of Ministers, Leader of the Opposition and also other members of the parliament.
He also ran unsuccessfully for a seat in parliament and served as advisor to the committee that drafted the ill-fated democratic Weimar Constitution of 1919.
While the funding of the standing army subsists on annual financial votes by parliament, the Mutiny Act is also renewed on an annual basis by parliament.
The immunity enjoyed by witnesses began also to be whittled down or interfered with by the parliament in England in 1540 with subornation of perjury and, in 1562, with perjury proper.
In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers ( known as the royal prerogative ) which are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.
A hung parliament may also lead to the formation of a coalition government in which two or more parties negotiate a joint programme to command a majority in the Commons.
The President is formally one of three tiers of the Oireachtas ( national parliament ), which also comprises Dáil Éireann ( the lower house ) and Seanad Éireann ( the Senate or upper house ).
This indirect election subordinates the president to the parliament, and also gives the president limited legitimacy and turns most presidential powers into reserve powers that can only be exercised under rare circumstance.

parliament and appoints
In semi-presidential systems such as France, where the president formally appoints a prime minister but the government itself must still maintain the confidence of parliament, coalition governments occur quite regularly.
The Crown ( not the government or parliament of Jersey ) appoints the Lieutenant Governor, the Bailiff, Deputy Bailiff, Attorney General and Solicitor General.
The President appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers composed of elected members of parliament.
* In presidential systems, the incumbent of the Head-of-state is elected to office and, after transfer of power, appoints his administration ( like in the United States, with unitary executive ) or a government headed by a prime minister is formed within the parliament, based on the elected majority ( like in France ).
She appoints the ( in ) formateur, who chairs the formation talks, after consulting the leaders of all parties represented in parliament.
The president also appoints prime ministers on the basis of the balance of power in the parliament, grants pardons and awards decorations and other state awards.
The president, following prior counter-signature of the Prime Minister, appoints and recalls diplomatic representatives of the Republic of Croatia, at the proposal of the Government and upon receiving the opinion of an applicable committee of the parliament.
The President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, head of the Cabinet, appoints the prime minister, and could dissolve parliament ( after one year has passed since the convening of parliament after a parliamentary election ) The 17th constitutional amendment of 2001 reduced certain powers of the President in particular in regard to the appointment of the upper judiciary and independent commissions such as the election commission or the bribery and corruption commission.
The parliament appoints an ombudsman to promote and protect human rights and liberties established by the constitution, parliamentary legislation and treaties adopted by Croatia.
According to the Belgian constitution, the federal prime minister is appointed by the king, and approved by the federal parliament with a vote of confidence ( in practice the king usually appoints the leader of the winning party as " formateur " to form a government ).
The President of Malta, who nominally heads the Executive branch, appoints as Prime Minister the member of parliament who, in the opinion of the President, is best able to command a majority of the members of the House of Representatives.
The Opposition in parliament appoints from its ranks a Shadow Cabinet to monitor government ministers and present itself as an alternate government.
The President of the Republic appoints the prime minister, who must then secure a vote of confidence from the Croatian Parliament ; the appointment is therefore counter-signed by the speaker of the parliament to signify this.

parliament and president
After a decade as president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions, he entered parliament as a Labor MP at the 1980 federal election and became Prime Minister within three years, leading Labor to victory at four consecutive federal elections: 1983, 1984, 1987 and 1990.
In 1972, a constitution was adopted, a parliament elected, and Lon Nol became president.
The Social Democratic president of the National Council ( the lower house of parliament ) Karl Renner resigned to be able to cast a vote as a parliament member.
Without a president, the parliament could not conclude the session.
The president has the power of veto over parliamentary decisions although it can be overrun by the parliament.
The president, after hearing the parliament, nominates a prime minister candidate for the parliament to approve in a vote.
The regular parliamentary term is four years ; however, the president may dissolve the eduskunta and order new elections at the request of the prime minister and after consulting the speaker of parliament.
The government is divided into three branches: the Executive ( headed by the prime minister ( although previously grabbed by the president ), the legislative that is formed by the two chambers of parliament.
The interim president was the speaker of the outgoing parliament ( whose replacement was annulled ), Nino Burjanadze.
The 1975 constitution, which describes Greece as a " presidential parliamentary republic ", includes extensive specific guarantees of civil liberties and vests the powers of the head of state in a president elected by parliament.
Guinea-Bissau's first multi-party elections for president and parliament were held in 1994.
In 1987, a new constitution was ratified, providing for an elected bicameral parliament, an elected president, and a prime minister, cabinet, ministers, and supreme court appointed by the president with parliament's consent.
An international ceremony and conference were held in Tehran ; the event was opened by the Iranian president and the chairman of the Iranian parliament.
The new interim government held consultations on a new constitution, intended to increase the powers of the parliament and reduce those of the president.
Askar Akayev later joined presidents Islam Karimov and Nursultan Nazarbayev in sending a joint intervention force to support Tajikistan's president Imomali Rahmonov against insurgents, but the Kyrgyzstani parliament delayed the mission of its small contingent for several months until late spring 1993.
The constitution gave the president veto power over any legislation approved by parliament, virtually ensuring that the 6: 5 ratio would not be revised in the event that the population distribution changed.
In August 1990, the parliament and the new president agreed on constitutional amendments embodying some of the political reforms envisioned at Taif.
The president and parliament choose the Prime Minister.
The president is elected for a five year term by parliament and confirmed in a referendum by the people.

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