He wrote an essay on Conservative policy in November 1943, recommending that the Conservatives neither imitate the Labour Party nor reflexly oppose all controls ; in the general election of July 1945, he was selected as parliamentary candidate for Heston and Isleworth, a newly created constituency in the county of Middlesex, although there were four applicants and he had no ties to that constituency.

* Some Scholars contend that French Fifth Republic usually operates under a presidential system, but when in cohabitation, this effectively changes, at least in terms of domestic policy, to a parliamentary system, in which the prime minister controls the legislative agenda and the president's powers are limited to foreign policy and defence.

Delegated legislation can also be criticised on the grounds that it is subject to less parliamentary scrutiny than primary legislation ( but see the article on Statutory Instruments for a description of the parliamentary controls which are in place ), and thereby may potentially be used by the Government in ways which Parliament had not intended or appreciated when it conferred the power.

This power was later extended by the Regulatory Reform Act 2001 and the Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006, although more rigorous parliamentary controls were introduced.

However there are both parliamentary and judicial controls on delegated legislation which are discussed below.

There are both parliamentary and judicial controls over delegated legislation.

In February 2008 the parliamentary Antimafia Commission concluded that the ‘ Ndrangheta “ controls or influences a large part of the economic activity around the port and uses the facility as a base for illegal trafficking .” In its report it said that “ the entire gamma of internal or sub-contracted activities is mafia-influenced, from the management of distribution and forwarding to customs control and container storage .” The extortion of Ravano and Contship, was part of a project that “ did not involve simply this security tax, which grew with the port, but also control of activities tied to the port, the hiring of workers, and relations with port unions and local institutions ,” the report added.

However, international observers have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places.

* 1772 – King Gustav III completes his coup d ' état by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing himself as an enlightened despot.

Out of the 17 parliamentary votes considered by the Public Whip website to concern equal rights for homosexuals, Widdecombe took the opposing position in 15 cases, not being present at the other two votes.

The building was again remodeled by British architect Norman Foster in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to the parliamentary proceedings and magnificent views of the city.

A caretaker cabinet was appointed by the President again and served until the new pre-term parliamentary elections in April 1997.

Representation in the House of Commons was decided by the House itself, which resulted in boroughs ' being established in some small settlements for the purposes of parliamentary representation, despite their possessing no actual corporation.

Backbenchers can, however, exert their influence by sitting in parliamentary committees, like the Public Accounts Committee or the National Defence Committee.

One of the primary reasons that the Israeli constitution remains unwritten is the fear by whatever party holds power that creating a written constitution, combined with the common-law elements, would severely limit the powers of the Knesset ( which, following the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, holds near-unlimited power ).

The so-called Parliamentary Republic was not a true parliamentary system, in which the chief executive is elected by the legislature.

Executive responsibilities are vested in a president, who is elected directly by the voters, not by the National Assembly as it would be in a parliamentary system.

Tuđman died in 1999 and in the early 2000 parliamentary elections, the nationalist Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) government was replaced by a center-left coalition under the Social Democratic Party of Croatia, with Ivica Račan as prime minister.

The politics of Croatia are defined by a parliamentary, representative democratic republic framework, where the Prime Minister of Croatia is the head of government in a multi-party system.

In the kind of constitutional monarchy established under the Constitution of the German Empire which Bismarck inspired, the Kaiser retained considerable actual executive power, and the Prime Minister needed no parliamentary vote of confidence and ruled solely by the imperial mandate.

The GAC passed motions ( by the necessary two-thirds majority ) allowing members of the Provisional IRA to discuss and debate the taking of parliamentary seats, and the removal of the ban on members of the organisation from supporting any successful republican candidate who took their seat in Dáil Éireann.

To deal with a situation in which no clear majorities appear through general elections, parties either form coalition cabinets, supported by a parliamentary majority, or minority cabinets which may consist of one or more parties.

The 2010 general election resulted in a hung parliament ( Britain's first for 36 years ), following which the Conservatives ( led by David Cameron ), which had won the largest number of seats, formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to gain a parliamentary majority, ending 13 years of Labour government.

The coalition partners, if they control the parliamentary majority, can collude to make the parliamentary discussion on the issue irrelevant by consistently disregarding the arguments of the opposition and voting against the opposition's proposals — even if there is disagreement within the ruling parties about the issue.

; Royal prerogative: Reserve powers of the Canadian Crown, being remnants of the powers once held by the British Crown, reduced over time by the parliamentary system.

Other principles include responsible government, representation by population, judicial independence, parliamentary supremacy, and an implied bill of rights.

Charles's last years were marked by the English Civil War, in which he fought the forces of the English and Scottish parliaments, which challenged his attempts to overrule and negate parliamentary authority, whilst simultaneously using his position as head of the English Church to pursue religious policies which generated the antipathy of reformed groups such as the Puritans.

Since 1988, Danish defence budgets and security policy have been set by multi-year agreements supported by a wide parliamentary majority including government and opposition parties.

For, if so, the path leads through a complex process of parliamentary diplomacy which adds still another dimension to the problem.

" The Republicans gained majorities in both House and Senate for the first time since Democrats in the 1856 elections, they were to be seated in numbers which Lincoln might use to govern, a national parliamentary majority even before pro-slavery House and Senate seats vacated.

These were rejected in a referendum the following May at the same time as parliamentary elections which left Kocharyan's party in a very powerful position in parliament.

She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is " an insult to women ".

The 1927 parliamentary Select Committee on Peerages in Abeyance recommended that no abeyance should be considered which is longer in date than 100 years or where the claimant lays claim to at least one third of the dignity.

On the parliamentary elections in 2009 the newly established personalistic party of Boyko Borisov-Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria ( GERB ) won the elections, securing 116 seats out of 240, which enabled it to form a cabinet alone.

In April 1997, the Union of Democratic Forces ( UDF ) government won pre-term parliamentary elections and introduced an IMF currency board system which succeeded in stabilizing the economy.

After the Reform Act, which disenfranchised many of the rotten boroughs ( boroughs that had declined in importance, had only a small population, and had only a handful of eligible voters ), parliamentary constituencies began to diverge from the ancient boroughs.

However, Canada has evolved variations: party discipline in Canada is stronger than in the United Kingdom and more parliamentary votes are considered motions of confidence, which tends to diminish the role of non-Cabinet Members of Parliament ( MPs ).

Most constitutional monarchies employ a parliamentary system in which the monarch may have strictly ceremonial duties or may have reserve powers, depending on the constitution.

A coalition government ( known in the United States as a fusion administration ) is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several political parties cooperate.

The party also directs its federal members and senators as to which of the two other parties they should sit with in the parliamentary chamber.

The Party suffered a major defeat in the parliamentary elections of September 2011 in which the party lost more than half of its seat and also lost governmental power.

It outlined Canada's system of government, which combines Britain's Westminster model of parliamentary government with division of sovereignty ( federalism ).