Many new political parties formed in anticipation of running candidates in the Egyptian parliamentary election, 2011 – 2012.

The Living Computer Museum of Seattle, Washington maintains a 2065 running TOPS-10, which is available to interested parties via telnet upon registration ( at no cost ) at their website.

A safe seat is usually chosen ; while the Liberal and now defunct Progressive Conservative parties traditionally observed a convention of not running a candidate against another party's new leader in the by-election, the New Democrats and other smaller parties typically do not follow the same convention.

The highest-ranking Greens ever elected in the nation were: John Eder, a member of the Maine House of Representatives until his defeat in November 2006 ; Audie Bock, elected to the California State Assembly in 1999 but switched her registration to Independent seven months later running as an independent in the 2000 election ; and Richard Carroll, elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives in 2008 but switched parties to become a Democrat five months after his election.

Both parties had severe ideological splits, with the far left and far right of the Democratic Party running third-party campaigns.

Anderson faced a huge number of obstacles as a non-major party candidate: having to qualify for 51 ballots ( which the major parties appeared on automatically ), having to raise money to run a campaign ( the major parties received close to $ 30 million in government money for their campaigns ), having to win national coverage, having to build a campaign overnight, and having to find a suitable running mate among them.

The Independence Party originally ran its own candidate for governor until 2002, but since then has instead retained its automatic ballot status by running a gubernatorial candidate who was designated by one of the major parties.

Callaghan's time as Prime Minister was dominated by the troubles in running a Government with a minority in the House of Commons: he was forced to make deals with minor parties in order to survive – including the Lib-Lab pact, and he had been forced to accept referendums on devolution in Scotland and Wales ( the former went in favour but did not reach the required majority, and the latter went heavily against ).

Because she strongly desired to campaign for the " No " forces in the weeks leading up to Quebec's 1980 referendum on separation from Canada, Sauvé initially refused the offer of running for the non-partisan position, but eventually acquiesced after Trudeau convinced her that she was the right person for the job and she received permission from the leaders of all the parties in the House of Commons to engage in the federalist campaign in Quebec.

In the May 2006 council elections, a slate of three former Democrats running on an independent slate backed by Harris defeated the candidates of the Democratic and Republican parties.

Minh was said to have preferred playing mah-jongg, playing tennis at the elite Cercle Sportif, tending to his garden and giving tea parties to fighting the Vietcong or running the country.

One of the parties may record the conversation, either on a tape or solid-state recording device, or on a computer running call recording software.

Focused on his DJ side and with the Vanian-UT project running at its top, the collective begun to perform their music on several clubs and events in the zone, like regular parties at Future Club in Barcelona or the event Trancenight Summer Party at Girona in 2004.

In addition to running the lodge there, he took hunting parties into the nearby Granite Mountains and traded with the Athabaskans in the surrounding area.

Both Danyluk and Mack-Arsenault formed parties, and Caron, although officially running as an independent, affiliated herself with a group of independent candidates for town council.

An outgoing president who is not running in that election remains in office as a caretaker until their successor is sworn in, such as José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero ; this differs from other parliamentary governments whose prime ministers always lead their parties during the election campaign.

In a story titled " Guardian Devil ," Archie and Betty meet a runaway child whose hospitalized mother left the boy in her brother's care, but the brother locked the kid in his room and had wild parties in the house — until Archie brought Moose over to straighten things out ; after briefly manhandling the brother, the intimidating Moose sent the partygoers running with a simple " Scat!

Historically, running mates were chosen by political parties in consultation with the principal candidate ( i. e., the person running for president or governor ).

This was immediately opposed by the Unionists, and both parties spent the next several months in a running battle over the bill.

The parties did not suspect that the source of the Mississippi, Lake Itasca ( then unknown to European explorers ), was south of that point, and that thus the entire Mississippi was too far south to be intersected by a line running west from the Lake of the Woods.

Speculation abounded that this was part of a plan to discourage other parties from running candidates in the belief that Lenihan would prove unbeatable and so get the office unopposed.

Later, however, the Supreme Court suspended his campaign for the presidency and agreed to hear a complaint brought by two right-of-center parties that the general was constitutionally barred from running for the presidency.

Mr. Reama, who retired as vice president of the American Screw Co. in 1955 said, `` Both parties in the last election told us that we need a five per cent growth in the gross national product -- but neither told us how to achieve it ''.

Colonial Labour parties contested seats from 1891, and federal seats following the Federation at the 1901 federal election.

Although most South African parties announced their candidate list for provincial premierships in the 2009 election, the ANC did not.

The remaining opposition parties regrouped in preparation for 1997 legislative elections and the 1998 presidential election.

The Liberal Democrats could point to steady progress under Charles Kennedy, gaining more seats than the main two parties – albeit only six overall – and maintaining the performance of a pleasing 1997 election, where the party doubled its number of seats from 20 to 46.

After a brief Conservative interlude ( during which the Second Reform Act was passed by agreement between the parties ), Gladstone won a huge victory at the 1868 election and formed the first Liberal government.

The third group under Sir Herbert Samuel pressed for the parties in government to fight the election on separate platforms.

The 1987 election saw the Alliance's share of the votes drop slightly and it now had 22 MP's, and in the election's aftermath Liberal leader David Steel proposed a merged of the two parties.

The two dominant political parties in Canada have historically been the Liberal Party of Canada and Conservative Party of Canada ( or its predecessors ), and as of the 2011 election the social-democratic New Democratic Party ( NDP ) has risen to prominence.

In East Germany after local election losses, a forced merger of political parties in the Socialist Unity Party (" SED "), followed by elections in 1946 where political opponents were oppressed.

In the Romanian general election elections of 1946, the Romanian Communist Party ( PCR ) employed widespread intimidation tactics and electoral fraud to obtain 80 percent of the vote and, thereafter, eliminated the role of the centrist parties and forced mergers, the result of which was that, by 1948, most non-Communist politicians were either executed, in exile or in prison.

FUNCINPEC then entered into a coalition with the other parties that had participated in the election.

Because the government refused to consider opposition demands for an independent election commission, the three major opposition parties boycotted the October 1997 presidential election, which Biya easily won.

This election was also important because new parties won several seats in Congress, more than ever.

However, this new election could not be held on time due to delay in preparation and has been postponed to October 2006 after an agreement was reached amongst the rival parties.

Compared to only three parties allowed to exist in the New Order era, a total of 48 political parties participated in the 1999 election, a total of 24 parties in the 2004 election, and 38 parties in the 2009 election.

It is testimony to the deep respect in which Mr. Eisenhower was held by members of all parties that the moral considerations raised by his approach to the matter were not explicitly to be broached.

All `` democratic and anti-Nazi parties '' were to have the right to campaign.

The electoral procedure prevented the ready identification of party affiliation, but all vitally interested parties, including the government itself, were busily engaged in determining the party identifications of all successful candidates the month following the elections.

The parties were on the whole unprepared for elections, while the people were still experiencing post-independence let-down and suffering the after-effects of poor harvests in 1957.

Although the elections were for local officials, it was not necessary to conduct the elections so as to prevent parties from publicly identifying their candidates.

Both parties and the Ministry of the Interior were busily at work after the elections trying to unearth the political affiliations of the successful candidates and, thereby, give the elections a confidential but known degree of national political significance.

The ten or more dangerous parties singled out for prosecution were still at large, and Pels realized that if these men entrenched themselves in their adobe houses, defending themselves through loopholes, it would be most difficult to capture them.

As the time for independence approached there were in the Congo no fewer than 120 political parties, or approximately eight for each university graduate.

However, the positions of all parties and leaders were constantly shifting.

During the years when Israel was passing from crisis to crisis -- the Sinai campaign, the infusion of multitudes of penniless immigrants -- it was felt that the purpose of national unity could be best served if the secular majority were to yield to the religious parties.

Many peasant parties were also nationalist parties, because peasants often worked their land for the benefit of landlords of different ethnicity.

Within those seeking independence there were several parties.

The Military and the parties were weary of 30 years of instability.

Though there might be blocs of opinion, sometimes enduring, on important matters, there were no political parties and likewise no government or opposition ( as in the Westminster system ).

Many of these were part of the corruption indulged in by Scott and the Pennsylvania's president, J. Edgar Thomson, which consisted of inside trading in companies that the railroad did business with, or payoffs made by contracting parties " as part of a quid pro quo ", as biographer David Nasaw writes.

For example between 1985 and 1989, 5, 000 civilians were killed in fighting between the two parties.

Target location errors were significantly reduced once laser rangefinders, orientation and navigation devices were issued to observation parties.

In are references to four parties in the Corinthian church, of which two attached themselves to Paul and Apollos respectively, using their names ( the third and fourth were Peter, identified as Cephas, and Jesus himself ).

It is said that the terms Whig and Tory were first applied to English political parties in consequence of this dispute.

" Signal guns were fired to bring in the foraging parties and picquets as the French and Bavarian troops tried to draw into battle-order to face the unexpected threat.

The Liberals were reduced to a mere forty seats in Parliament, only seven of which had been won against candidates from both parties and none of these formed a coherent area of Liberal survival.

By contrast most of the party's seats were won either due to the absence of a candidate from one of the other parties or in rural areas on the " Celtic fringe ", where local evidence suggests that economic ideas were at best peripheral to the electorate's concerns.