This phylum is considered to have two sister phyla: Chlamydiae and Lentisphaerae.

Chlamydiae is a bacterial phylum and class whose members are obligate intracellular pathogens.

The first member of the phylum to be named ( by Dufour in 1828 ) was Gregarina ovata in earwigs.

By 1987 a comprehensive survey of the phylum was completed: in all, 4516 species and 339 genera had been named.

The phylum was originally called " Polyzoa ", but this term was superseded by " Bryozoa " in 1831.

also written von Haeckel, was an eminent German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, stem cell, and the kingdom Protista.

Kordofanian was thought to be one of several primary branches rather than being coordinate to the phylum as a whole, prompting re-introduction of the term Niger – Congo, which is in current use among linguists.

A more recent proponent was Roger Blench ( 1995 ), who puts forward phonological, morphological and lexical evidence for uniting Niger – Congo and Nilo-Saharan in a Niger – Saharan phylum, with special affinity between Niger – Congo and Central Sudanic.

The first species of this phylum was described in 1827 by the French zoologist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville who named it Sipunculus vulgaris.

Originally classified as annelids, despite the complete lack of segmentation, bristles and other annelid characters, the phylum Sipuncula was later allied with the Mollusca, mostly on the basis of developmental and larval characters.

This was the first new phylum of multicelled organism to be discovered since the Loricifera in 1983.

The genus Symbion are peculiar microscopic animals, with no obvious close relatives, and which was therefore given its own phylum, called Cycliophora.

The phylum was discovered in 1983 by Reinhardt Kristensen, in Roscoff, France.

Their Tongva language was a member of the Takic group within the Uto-Aztecan linguistic phylum.

Evidence that this region was the Maya " heartland " include its being located near the center of present-day language diversity within the Maya phylum ( and therefore requiring the minimum number of moves to place the languages in their current locations ), the fact that proto-Maya included words for flora and fauna from both highland and lowland areas, and the debatable idea that it is easier for a group of people to spread from a highland region to a lowland one than vice versa.

Most scholars propose that this region was inhabited by speakers of the Mixe – Zoque phylum.

When the first thorough examination of Opabinia in 1975 revealed its unusual features, it was thought to be unrelated to any known phylum, although possibly related to a hypothetical ancestor of arthropods and of annelid worms.

The idea of classifiying the Euglenoids by their manner of nourishment was finally abandoned in the 1950s, when A. Hollande published a major revision of the phylum, grouping organisms by shared structural features, such as the number and type of flagella.

The order Glomales was removed in 2001 and elevated to Division ( or phylum ) Glomeromycota due to their lack of zygospore formation, mycorrhizal habit, and lack of DNA sequence homology.

Therefore, it was given its own phylum, called Nanoarchaeota.

They argue that the initial sample, ribosomal RNA only, was biased and Nanoarchaeum actually belongs to the Euryarchaeota phylum.

The order was originally proposed in 1926 by German mycologist Ernst Albert Gäumann to accommodate species within the phylum Basidiomycota producing basidiocarps ( fruit bodies ) showing a gymnocarpous mode of development ( forming the spore-bearing surface externally ).

The organism was recently reclassified under the genus Klebsiella, a drastic taxonomic change, since it involved changing the organism's phylum.

The class Bacteroidia was formally called Bacteroidetes as it was until recently the only class in the phylum, the name was changed in the fourth volume of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

More careful cloning of 50 coding genes from Buddenbrockia established the clade as severely modified members of the phylum Cnidaria, with medusozoans as their closest relatives.

This is illustrated by the fact that in an early edition of Bergey ’ s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology the Mollicutes are a class within the phylum Firmicutes, whereas in the announced 2nd edition, vol.

Although there has been considerable revision of this phylum ( the order Haemosporidia now has 17 genera rather than 9 ) it seems likely these numbers are still approximately correct.

All members of this phylum have an infectious stage-the sporozoite-which possess three distinct structures in an apical complex.

It is this structure that gives the phylum its name.

Within this phylum there are three groups-coccidians, gregarines and haemosporidians.

Perkinsus while once considered a member of this phylum has been moved to a new phylum-Perkinsozoa.

All members of this phylum are parasitic and evolved from a free living ancestor.

The Bryozoa, also known as Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals, are a phylum of aquatic invertebrate animals.

Mineralized skeletons of bryozoans first appear in rocks from latest Cambrian period, about, making it the last major phylum to appear in the fossil record.

It is uncertain whether the phylum is monophyletic.

Entoprocts, another phylum of filter-feeders, look rather like bryozoans but their lophophore-like feeding structure has solid tentacles, their anus lies inside rather than outside the base of the " crown " and they have no coelom.

Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes.

Chordates, members of the phylum Chordata, are deuterostome animals possessing a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of their life cycles.

Taxonomically, the phylum includes the subphyla Vertebrata, including mammals ( and thus humans ), fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds ; Tunicata, including salps and sea squirts ; and Cephalochordata, comprising the lancelets.

The phylum Hemichordata including the acorn worms has been presented as a fourth chordate subphylum, but it now is usually treated as a separate phylum.

It, along with the echinoderm phylum, including starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers and their kin, are the chordates closest relatives.

Most species of brachiopods, a small phylum of marine invertebrates, survived the K – Pg extinction event and diversified during the early Paleocene.

Cnidaria ( with a silent c ) is a phylum containing over 10, 000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic and mostly marine environments.

Cnidarians were for a long time grouped with Ctenophores in the phylum Coelenterata, but increasing awareness of their differences caused them to be placed in separate phyla.

Cnidarians form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as ctenophores ( comb jellies ), and less complex than bilaterians, which include almost all other animals.

The Chadic languages constitute a language family of perhaps 150 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, Central African Republic and nortern Cameroon, belonging to the Afroasiatic phylum.

In 2011, Richard Hoover, an astrobiologist at the U. S. Space Flight Center in Alabama, claimed that filaments and other structures in rare meteorites appear to be microscopic fossils of extraterrestrial beings that resemble cyanobacteria — a phylum of photosynthetic bacteria.