The injury claimed by the plaintiffs was that damage would be caused to certain species of animals and that this in turn injures the plaintiffs by the reduced likelihood that the plaintiffs would see the species in the future.

The case involved a group of plaintiffs who claimed to have been poisoned by dioxin in 1979 when a train derailed in Sturgeon, Missouri.

The plaintiffs claimed that from January to February 2001 DynCorp sprayed herbicide almost daily, in a reckless manner, causing severe health problems ( high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatological problems ) and the destruction of food crops and livestock of approximately 10, 000 residents of the border region.

The plaintiffs claimed that the Ex-Im Bank and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation ( OPIC ) provided financial assistance to oil and other fossil fuel projects without first evaluating the projects ' global warming impacts.

The plaintiffs in Kiobel were citizens of Nigeria who claimed that Dutch, British, and Nigerian oil-exploration corporations aided and abetted the Nigerian government during the 1990s in committing violations of customary international law.

It is, for the Traitors Cove Timber Sales project the plaintiffs said in 2011 oral arguments before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, the difference between a claimed 21 deer per square mile in the project EIS, and 9. 5 deer per square mile ( about half of the Forest Plan's requirement ) according to unpublished corrections made by the agency in 2008.

The plaintiffs alleged that, after using the device, they were encouraged to pay for vitamins and books and claimed that amounted to fraud.

" The plaintiffs claimed these models did not use true Ritchey-Chrétien optics and therefore Meade and its retailers were committing false advertising infringing on the plaintiff's market.

After tribes won initial judgements in some of these claims, Congress reacted by extinguishing the claimed aboriginal title and compensating the tribal plaintiffs.

Moreover, the plaintiffs claimed that the United States has never recognized the incorporation of Taiwan into Chinese national territory.

The plaintiffs claimed only economic injury, not that they had been prevented from the free exercise of their religion.

The plaintiffs, Mr. Gee and Mr. and Mrs. Pan, claimed damages for botulism poisoning related to a beef dip.

Breggin later claimed that this was because the plaintiffs and defendants had secretly settled behind closed doors.

:... on the balance of probabilities, the defendants infringed a number of the claims under the plaintiffs ’ Canadian patent number 1, 313, 830 by planting, in 1998, without leave or licence by the plaintiffs, canola fields with seed saved from the 1997 crop which seed was known, or ought to have been known by the defendants to be Roundup tolerant and when tested was found to contain the gene and cells claimed under the plaintiffs ’ patent.

Therefore, the plaintiffs claimed, a person posting sexually explicit material on the Internet could be found criminally liable according to the standards of the most restrictive community in the country.

:" While the plaintiffs have resolutely insisted that the defendants ' use of the original songs as a vehicle for the parodies was wrongful, and have alleged, in general terms, that the claimed infringements ' caused substantial and irreparable damage ,' they have not indicated with any degree of particularity the manner in which injury might have been inflicted.

The defendants claimed that this was parody ; the plaintiffs, violation of copyright.

The plaintiffs refused to do so for their daughter, as they claimed use of this number outside her choosing to do so when she came of age, a form of spiritual self-actualization, would violate their religious beliefs.

After reviewing the history of the community, Justice Arnould gave a definitive and detailed judgement against the plaintiffs and in favour of Hasan Ali Shah and other defendants.

Claudius also made a law requiring plaintiffs to remain in the city while their cases were pending, as defendants had previously been required to do.

Typically, federal courts are thought to be more favorable for defendants, and state courts more favorable for plaintiffs.

Upon the motion to certify the class, the defendants may object to whether the issues are appropriately handled as a class action, to whether the named plaintiffs are sufficiently representative of the class, and to their relationship with the law firm or firms handling the case.

# Typicality — the claims or defenses must be typical of the plaintiffs or defendants.

Where both the plaintiffs and the defendants have been organized into court-approved classes, the action is called a bilateral class action.

Because mass actions operate outside the detailed procedures laid out for class actions, they can pose special difficulties for both plaintiffs, defendants, and the court.

The other defendants in that case ( Grokster and MusicCity, makers of the Morpheus file-sharing software ) initially prevailed against the plaintiffs on summary judgment ( Sharman joined the case too late to take advantage of that ruling ).

Sharia courts traditionally do not rely on lawyers ; plaintiffs and defendants represent themselves.

It is abundantly clear that plaintiffs sought to harass the individual defendants and destroy the church defendants through massive over-litigation and other highly questionable litigation tactics.

From this pool of available jurymen the court hears and excludes those with conflicts of interest in the case, after which the defendants and plaintiffs have the right to exclude a number of members, varying by county and group.

Since the 1970s, however, courts have held plaintiffs to higher standards, giving antitrust defendants an opportunity to resolve cases in their favor before significant discovery.

This protects defendants from bearing the costs of antitrust " fishing expeditions ," however it deprives plaintiffs of perhaps their only tool to acquire evidence ( discovery ).

v. Campbell ( 2003 ), the Court held that punitive damages may only be based on the acts of the defendants which harmed the plaintiffs.

According to FRCP Rule 30, the number of depositions is limited to 10 depositions per side ( i. e. plaintiffs and defendants ), with deposition of each deponent limited to 1 day of 7 hours ( unless specified otherwise in Local Rules of the State ).

It is abundantly clear that plaintiffs sought to harass the individual defendants and destroy the church defendants through massive over-litigation and other highly questionable litigation tactics.

The plaintiffs and defendants are called litigants and the attorneys representing them are called litigators.

Within a " single " lawsuit, there can be any number of claims and defenses ( all based on numerous laws ) between any number of plaintiffs or defendants, each of whom can bring any number of cross-claims and counterclaims against each other, and even bring additional parties into the suit on either side after it progresses.

This complaint will state that one or more plaintiffs is seeking damages or equitable relief from one or more stated defendants, and will identify the legal and factual bases for doing so.

In the United States, plaintiffs and defendants that lack financial resources for litigation or other legal expenses may be able to obtain legal financing.

Other widely mentioned elements of a SLAPP are the actual effectiveness at silencing critics, the timing of the suit, inclusion of extra or spurious defendants ( such as relatives or hosts of legitimate defendants ), inclusion of plaintiffs with no real claim ( such as corporations that are affiliated with legitimate plaintiffs ), making claims that are very difficult to disprove or rely on no written record, ambiguous or deliberately mangled wording that lets plaintiffs make spurious allegations without fear of perjury, refusal to consider any settlement ( or none other than cash ), characterization of all offers to settle as insincere, extensive and unnecessary demands for discovery, attempts to identify anonymous or pseudonymous critics, appeals on minor points of law, demands for broad rulings when appeal is accepted on such minor points of law, and attempts to run up defendants ' costs even if this clearly costs more to the plaintiffs.

Judge Bootle's decision: `` The two plaintiffs are qualified for admission to said university and would already have been admitted had it not been for their race and color ''.

On October 26, 2010, popular free-software gnutella servent LimeWire was ordered shut down by Judge Kimba Wood of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York when she signed a Consent Injunction which LimeWire and recording industry plaintiffs had agreed upon.

Code pleading was criticized because many lawyers felt that it was too difficult to fully research all the facts needed to bring a complaint before one had even initiated the action, and thus meritorious plaintiffs could not bring their complaints in time before the statute of limitations expired.

Materials which the plaintiffs had worked with and were ready to republish were now unavailable due to copyright restrictions. Eric Eldred, the lead plaintiff.

The Court found that the plaintiffs did not have the standing necessary to bring suit, because no injury had been established.

The court insisted though that the plaintiffs had to show how damage to the species would produce imminent injury to the plaintiffs.

The plaintiffs had been recruited by the leadership of the Topeka NAACP.

The Gebhart case was the only one where a trial court, affirmed by the Delaware Supreme Court, found that discrimination was unlawful ; in all the other cases the plaintiffs had lost as the original courts had found discrimination to be lawful.

Having proved that Papon had organized eight " death trains ", the plaintiffs ' lawyers recommended that he be given a 20-year prison term, as opposed to the sentence of life imprisonment, which is usually the norm for such crimes.

" The jurors, after deliberating more than two months, agreed with Monsanto that the plaintiffs had suffered no physical harm from exposure to dioxin.

But they accepted the plaintiffs ' argument that Monsanto had failed to alter its manufacturing process to eliminate dioxin as a byproduct and that it had failed to warn the public about dioxin's harmfulness.

Older statistics taken from the first 23 plaintiffs indicated that nineteen had or have brain or nerve cancer, nine had or have glioblastoma multiforme, five had or have oligodendroglioma, two had or have meningioma, and one each had or has schwannoma and hemangioblastoma.

In January 2012, the plaintiffs in Pender v. Omaha Tribe filed a request with the Omaha Tribal Courts for a summary judgment due to the length of time the case had taken.

The plaintiffs had submitted a detailed report to them by an expert witness on transactions related to Pender and the western boundary.

In July 2003, 80 plaintiffs from Russia, Ukraine, the Netherlands and Kazakhstan turned to the European Court for Human Rights, claiming that their right to life had been violated by Russia authorities ' handling of the standoff.

In Bradley vs. Wingnut Films Ltd 1 NZLR 415, it was alleged that the comedy horror film Braindead had infringed the privacy of the plaintiffs by containing pictures of the plaintiff's family tombstone.