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popes and had
Algardi's first major commission came about in 1634, when Cardinal Ubaldini ( Medici ) contracted for a funeral monument for his great-uncle, Pope Leo XI, the third of the Medici popes, who had reigned for less than a month in 1605.
( The Western Schism had begun in 1378 and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.
Thereafter recourse was had with greater frequency to the judgment of the popes.
The German Kings had been the worst offenders, naming not only bishops, but popes as well.
Of the three reforms Gregory VII and his predecessors and successor popes had attempted, they had been most successful in regard to celibacy of the clergy.
After thirty years of schism, the Council of Pisa had sought to resolve the situation by deposing the two claimant popes and elected a new pope, Alexander V. The council claimed that in such a situation, a council of bishops had greater authority than just one bishop, even if he were the bishop of Rome.
Similar editions had appeared for Aeschylus and Sophoclesthe only plays of theirs that survive today: " The rise of Goths and Tartars throughout the Roman world from the gutter to the throne, the destruction of libraries by choleric and fanatical popes and emperors, were unfavourable to the progress but not entirely fatal to the preservation of literary studies.
However, Skanderbeg was unable to receive any of the help which had been promised him by the popes.
From the 1040s onwards, however, successive popes had put forward a reforming message that emphasised the importance of the church being " governed more coherently and more hierarchically from the centre " and established " its own sphere of authority and jurisdiction, separate from and independent of that of the lay ruler ", in the words of historian Richard Huscroft.
Their presence further east had already displaced the Khwarazmians, and embassies had been sent by various popes as well as Louis IX to ally or negotiate with them, but they were uninterested in alliances.
Her stepfather's brother Frederick became Pope Stephen IX, while both of the following two popes, Nicholas II and Alexander II had been Tuscan bishops.
The conclave believed he was strongly opposed to the nepotism that had been a feature of previous popes.
The major event of his pontificate was the Sixth Ecumenical Council ( 680 – 681 ), which suppressed the Monothelite heresy that had been tolerated by previous popes ( Honorius among them ).
Constantine promised Agatho to abolish or reduce the tax that the popes had had to pay to the imperial treasury on their consecration.
Some versions of the legend suggest that subsequent popes were subjected to an examination whereby, having sat on a dung chair containing a hole called sedia stercoraria, a cardinal had to reach up and establish that the new pope had testicles, before announcing " Duos habet et bene pendentes " (" He has two, and they dangle nicely "), or " habet " (" he has ' em ") for short.
In the course of the 11th century, in the time after John XIX, the entry for John XIV had been misread as referring to two different popes of this name.
After his death, it was rumored that John XXI had actually been a magician ( a suspicion frequently directed towards the few scholars among medieval popes even during their papacy ; cf.
On three separate occasions he had been employed by the three popes who preceded him as legate to Constantinople, his mission in each case having reference to the controversy started by Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople.
Boniface had no choice but to contest Philip's demands, informing Philip that " God has set popes over kings and kingdoms.
The youthful Ladislaus was the rightful heir of King Charles III of Naples, assassinated in 1386, and Margaret of Durazzo, scion of a line that had traditionally supported the popes in their struggles in Rome with the anti-papal party in the city itself.

popes and long
His defiance of the Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian as a result of the iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern Empire prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the temporal power of the popes.
It was then long contested between popes and Holy Roman Emperors.
He was supported in this effort by a long series of short-term popes ( some very short-term ), such as Innocent IX ( 1591 ), Gregory XIV ( 1590 – 1591 ), etc., who basically followed his strategy.
Art historians have long regarded Beno de Rapiza and Maria Macellaria as partisans of the now-canonical ' reform ' popes Gregory VII, Urban II, and Paschal II and the frescoes as reform-party propaganda.
Earlier Spanish popes of the Borja family held a long tradition of employing Spanish singers in the papal chapel ’ s choir.
A history of political interference in papal selection and consequently long vacancies between popes, culminating in the interregnum of 1268 – 1271, prompted Pope Gregory X to decree during the Second Council of Lyons in 1274 that the cardinal electors should be locked in seclusion cum clave ( Latin for " with a key ") and not permitted to leave until a new Bishop of Rome had been elected.
He supported Henry in both the Investiture Controversy against the popes and the rebellions in Saxony that dominated his long reign.
The long poem celebrating the triumph of Christ and His saints was called forth by the favour shown him by Pope Leo VII, during whose pontificate he visited Rome, and he devotes fourteen books to the history of the popes.
In 1394, Pope Boniface IX proclaimed a new crusade against the Turks, although the Western Schism had split the papacy in two, with rival popes at Avignon and Rome, and the days when a pope had the authority to call a crusade were long past.

popes and been
It has been maintained that the right to wear mitres was sometimes granted by the popes to abbots before the 11th century, but the documents on which this claim is based are not genuine ( J. Braun, Liturgische Gewandung, p. 453 ).
Alexander has been the name of many rulers, including kings of Macedon, kings of Scotland, emperors of Russia and popes.
Being granted a banner by the Pope would have been a great honour, but despite the many letters of the popes relating to the crusades, none of them mentions granting a banner to a King of Denmark.
It was the official papal chalice for many popes, and has been used by many others, most recently by Pope Benedict XVI, on July 9, 2006.
Recent popes have not, however, worn the triregnum, though it remains the symbol of the papacy and has not been abolished.
Conversely, there have been a number of popes whose reign lasted less than a month.
One of the youngest popes, he was the only man to have been Pope on more than one occasion and the only man ever to have sold the papacy.
Apparently the practice had been frowned upon by popes of previous centuries, as pagans had fasted on Thursday as part of their worship of Jupiter.
He was not a cardinal, one of only a few popes since his time that have not been Cardinals, including Urban V and Urban VI.
Some of them hold that one or more of the most recent popes have held and taught unorthodox beliefs, but do not go so far as to say that they have been formal heretics or have been widely and publicly judged to be heretics.
Stigand was the first archbishop of Canterbury not to be a monk in almost a hundred years, and he was said to have been excommunicated by several popes because he held Canterbury and Winchester in plurality.
Throughout centuries, the rosary has been promoted by several popes as part of the veneration of Mary.
The rosary is part of the Catholic veneration of Mary, which has been promoted by numerous popes.
The rosary has been featured in the writings of Roman Catholic figures from saints to popes and continues to be mentioned in reported Marian apparitions, with a number of promises attributed to the power of the rosary.

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