Focus on post-Soviet era.

* 1991 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia becomes the first elected President of the Republic of Georgia in the post-Soviet era.

Extending for, the Russian border is the world's longest, a source of substantial concern for national security in the post-Soviet era.

The conventional telephone system is in poor condition because it has received little investment in the post-Soviet era.

In the post-Soviet era, Turkmenistan ’ s industrial sector has been dominated increasingly by the fuel and cotton processing industries to the detriment of light industry.

In the post-Soviet era, the area planted to grains ( mainly wheat ) has nearly tripled.

Because of low investment and poor maintenance, Uzbekistan's overland transportation infrastructure has declined significantly in the post-Soviet era.

) The end of the Cold War and the cutback in military spending hit such plants very hard, and it was often impossible for them to quickly retool equipment, retrain workers, and find new markets to adjust to the new post – Cold War and post-Soviet era.

The stories about the Spetsnaz and their allegedly incredible prowess, from the more serious to the highly questionable, have captivated imaginations of the more patriotic Russians, particularly being set against the background of a decay in the Russian military during the Perestroika and the post-Soviet era.

Zviad Gamsakhurdia (, ( March 31, 1939 — December 31, 1993 ) was a dissident, scientist and writer, who became the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Georgia in the post-Soviet era.

Since the independence of Georgia in 1991, a cultural resurgence has taken place, albeit somewhat hampered by the country's economic and political difficulties in the post-Soviet era.

Abramowtiz, previously a State Department official, focused the Endowment ’ s attention on Russia in the post-Soviet era.

Outside observers were surprised by the survival of Zyuganov's Communist Party into the post-Soviet era.

Bolshoi continues to tour regularly with opera and ballet productions in the post-Soviet era.

* Semyon Reznik The Nazification of Russia: Antisemitism in the post-Soviet era.

Dusheti was a home to nutrition and light industry during the Soviet era, but suffered an economic decline and the population outflow in the years of post-Soviet crisis.

During the late Soviet and post-Soviet era, however, the Wolf's image slowly denigrates into a more cartoonish and less criminal persona.

Later in his career he won acclaim as one of the most successful Ukrainian authors in the post-Soviet era and featuring on European bestseller lists.

During the Soviet era, efforts to secularize society were largely unsuccessful and the post-Soviet era has seen a marked increase in religious practice.

From that time through the early post-Soviet era, some officials in Moscow and in Tajikistan warned of an extremist Islamic menace, often on the basis of limited or distorted evidence.

In the post-Soviet era, Islam became an important element in the nationalist arguments of certain Tajik intellectuals.

After the end of the Cold War, DTRA and its predecessor agencies have implemented the DoD aspects of several treaties that assist former Eastern Bloc countries in the destruction of Soviet era nuclear, biological, and chemical ( NBC ) weapons sites ( such as missile silos and plutonium production facilities ) in an attempt to avert potential weapons proliferation in the post-Soviet era as part of the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction ( CTR ) program.

The first post-Soviet Russian Census was carried out in 2002, followed by the 2010 Census.

The first post-Soviet Ukrainian Census was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine in 2001, 12 years after the last All-Union census in 1989.

Despite the will expressed by the people, on 25 December 1991, the USSR was dissolved into 15 post-Soviet states.

In September 2008, Halonen was perceived to insult Estonia by saying that the Estonians suffer from " post-Soviet stress condition ".

This pledge was later abandoned by post-Soviet Russia.

* The Peoples ' Friendship University of the USSR was renamed " Patrice Lumumba Peoples ' Friendship University " in 1961, but it was later renamed " The Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia " in the post-Soviet landscape in 1992.

The former Soviet Union was to deal with a number of unique obstacles during the post-Soviet transition.

It was portrayed more critically in the Soviet Union ( which saw the Underground State as an enemy ) and some post-Soviet states ( primarily Lithuania and Ukraine, where military groups who cooperated with Germans against the Soviets and / or were trying to separate from Polish control also clashed with the Polish resistance ).

After 1991, historical memory was a powerful tool in the political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of the political division of Ukrainian society.

Imants Ziedonis, one of Latvia's most important poets and folklorists of the Soviet and post-Soviet eras, was born in the Jūrmala district.

This system was generally adopted by the USSR / Russia and many post-Soviet countries.

The disaster prompted worldwide calls for the reactors to be completely decommissioned, although there is still considerable reliance on RBMK facilities for power in Russia and the post-Soviet republics ; the last RBMK at Chernobyl was not shut down until 2000, and as of 2012 there were still at least 11 RBMK reactors operating in Russia.

The work compartment was dominated by the Agat-1 Earth-observation telescope, which had a focal length of 6. 375 metres and a optical resolution better than three meters, according to post-Soviet sources ; NASA historian Siddiqi has speculated that given the size of the telescope's mirror, it likely had a resolution better than one metre.

The song was first the national anthem of the Ukrainian People's Republic, Carpatho-Ukraine and later the independent post-Soviet Ukraine.

* The Gold Star was the highest state decoration in the Soviet Union and remains so in several post-Soviet states.

She has followed closely the post-Soviet transition of Eastern Europe, from 2002 to 2012 was a member of the Bulgarian President's IT Advisory Council, along with Vint Cerf, George Sadowsky, and Veni Markovski, among others.

It was a leading proponent of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq, and according to Frank Starr, head of the Baltimore Sun ’ s Washington bureau, the foundation ’ s studies, " laid much of the groundwork for Bush administration thinking " about post-Soviet foreign policy.

Advocates of shock therapy view Poland as the success story of shock therapy in the post-Soviet states and point out that shock therapy was not applied appropriately in Russia, while critics point out that Poland's reforms were the most gradualist of all the countries and compare China's reforms with those of Russia and their vastly different effects.

Unlike the other post-Soviet countries, however, Poland did have some experience with a capitalist economy, as there was still private property in agriculture and food was still sold in farmers ' markets.

The economic crisis that struck all post-Soviet countries in the 1990s was twice as intense as the Great Depression in the countries of Western Europe and the United States in the 1930s.

The first President of the post-Soviet Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was a Megrelian.