In some places, the appellate court has limited powers of review.

A Supreme Court served as the appellate tribunal ; a Constitutional Court with powers of judicial review was never constituted despite statutory authorization.

Although not strictly " class action litigation " as it is understood in American law, Public Interest Litigation arose out of the wide powers of judicial review granted to the Supreme Court of India and the various High Courts under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution of India respectively.

He also managed to have the powers of the state's Public Service Commissions increased and fought strenuously, if not completely successfully, to get their decisions exempted from judicial review.

A controversial GCHQ case determined the scope of judicial review of prerogative powers ( the Crown's residual powers under common law ).

It was held that executive action is not immune from judicial review simply because it uses powers derived from common law rather than statute ( thus the prerogative is reviewable ).

Ashcroft was responsible for proposing a draft of the Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003, legislation which proposed to greatly expand the powers of the U. S. government to fight crime and terrorism, while simultaneously eliminating or curtailing judicial review of these powers for incidents involving domestic terrorism.

The King's political reform program also provided for the establishment of a national Consultative Council, with appointed members having advisory powers to review and give advice on issues of public interest.

However, some might argue that Switzerland does not have a strong separation of powers system, as the Federal Council is appointed by parliament ( but not dependent on parliament ), and the judiciary has no power of review.

The law courts exercise the power of judicial review of constitutionality of legislation and administrative actions, and emphasize the separation of powers in their rulings.

If the court felt that it had the power to review legislation under the Commerce clause, Lessig argued, then the Copyright clause deserved similar treatment, or at very least a " principled reason " must be stated for according such treatment to only one of the enumerated powers.

It guarantees certain fundamental rights, along with a popularly elected non-executive president, a bicameral parliament based on the Westminster system, a separation of powers and judicial review.

In order to make sure that all component city or municipal governments act within the scope of their prescribed powers and functions, the Local Government Code mandates the provincial governor to review executive orders issued by mayors, and the Sangguniang Panlalawigan to review legislation by the Sangguniang Panlungsod ( City Council ) or Sangguniang Bayan ( Municipal Council ), of all component cities and municipalities under the province's jurisdiction.

The draft version of the bill would have expanded the powers of the United States federal government while simultaneously curtailing judicial review of these powers.

The British Parliament demanded a meeting of the 14 signatory powers to review the 1885 Berlin Agreement.

The Republic has a common-law legal system with a written constitution that provides for a parliamentary democracy based on the British parliamentary system, albeit with a popularly elected president, a separation of powers, a developed system of constitutional rights and judicial review of primary legislation.

In July 2010, May presented the House of Commons with her detailed proposals for a fundamental review of the previous Labour Party government's security and counter-terrorism legislation including " stop and search " powers and her intention to review the 28 day limit on detaining terrorist suspects without charge.

Lord Cunningham of Felling is still active in politics and chairs an all-party parliamentary committee to review the powers of the House of Lords.

Ashcroft in his review considers the literary work structure as consistent with morals and values of colonial era where the colonial powers considered people from different ethnic groups as unequal by birth in their abilities, character and potential, where laws were enacted that made sexual relations and marriage between ethnic groups as illegal.

The Board of Directors has administrative powers and is chaired by the governor ( or by the Director General in his absence ).

On the day of the Berlin Blockade, a Soviet representative told the other occupying powers " We are warning both you and the population of Berlin that we shall apply economic and administrative sanctions that will lead to circulation in Berlin exclusively of the currency of the Soviet occupation zone.

In three other sets of cases, Hughes also authored opinions that bolstered the regulatory powers of state legislatures and administrative bodies.

The parliament quickly adopted a new constitution, proclaimed Albania a republic, and granted Zogu dictatorial powers that allowed him to appoint and dismiss ministers, veto legislation, and name all major administrative personnel and a third of the Senate.

The central government exercises its broad administrative powers in the name of the President, whose duties are largely ceremonial.

These towns and cities had the status of a County corporate, many granted by Royal Charter, which had all the judicial, administrative and revenue raising powers of the regular counties.

Areas of the cities of Belfast, Cork, Dublin, Limerick, Derry and Waterford were carved from their surrounding counties to become county boroughs in their own right and given powers equivalent to those of administrative counties.

Lansing is administered under a mayor-council government, more specifically a " strong mayor " setup in which the mayor holds most of the city's administrative powers, such as appointment of department heads and drafting and administering a city budget, though the council must approve his / her actions.

To that end followed proposals reducing the administrative powers of Party posts, in order to reduce bureaucratic influence upon the policies of the Communist Party.

A municipality is usually an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government.

In the Decree-Law establishes its mission, lists the functions and powers, leaving the executive in exercising its regulatory power to determine their administrative and operational.

The new state, squeezed between the great powers of the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian empires, looked to the West, particularly France, for its cultural, educational, military and administrative models.

The NPRC Junta immediately suspended the constitution, banned all political parties, limited freedom of speech and freedom of the press and enacted a rule-by-decree policy, in which soldiers were granted unlimited powers of administrative detention without charge or trial, and challenges against such detentions in court were precluded.

UNRWA does not itself run any camps, has no police powers or administrative role, but simply provides services to the camp.

New York has a unique system where 57 of its 62 counties are independently-operated administrative divisions of the state, with normal county executive powers ; while the remaining five are administrative divisions of the City of Greater New York.

In the periods between the Councils the highest administrative powers are exercised by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, which includes seven permanent members and is chaired by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, Primate of the Moscow Patriarchate.

In the 14th century it obtained new administrative powers.

The City of London ( which is not, and never has been, the seat of government ) has a unique status in British local government ; it is part of Greater London for most administrative purposes, but remains a separate ceremonial county, and retains many independent local government powers and civic identity, most notably its own police force and Lord Mayor.

The massive endowments, powers and responsibilities of the Cluniac abbots had drawn them into the affairs of the secular world, and their monks had abandoned manual labour to serfs to serve as administrative officials or " choir monks ".

Each administrative entity is given powers, structure, and boundaries by a law that was passed by the President of the Government ( or Prime Minister ).

Twenty-nine states of Mexico were created as administrative divisions by the constitution of 1917, which grants them those powers not expressly vested in the federal government ; Mexico's two remaining territories, Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo, achieved statehood on 9 October 1974, raising the total to 31.

Although they were elected, Ukrainian Hetmans had very broad powers and acted as heads of the Cossack state, their supreme military commanders, and top legislators ( by issuing administrative decrees ).