A compound word is a lexeme composed of several pre-existing morphemes.

" Cow-orker " was a pre-existing word from Usenet that Adams popularized through his newsletter.

A word may enter a language as a loanword ( i. e., as a word from one language adopted by speakers of another language ), through derivational morphology by combining pre-existing elements in the language, by a hybrid of these two processes called phono-semantic matching, or in several other minor ways.

# A translation of the word " hell " that matches the pre-existing Chinese concept of " underground hold / court ," which in Taoist cosmology had been considered the initial destination of the soul of the dead regardless of his or her virtue during life.

This list may contain multiple transliterations of the same word: please do not delete the multiple alternative spellings — instead, please make redirects to the appropriate pre-existing Wikipedia article if one is present.

The current edifice was erected in 1780 over a pre-existing church which was allegedly destroyed by Cangrande della Scala.

By 1976, the landfill was completed ; in many cases, the pre-existing piers were simply buried.

As another example, the Supreme Court of the United States in 1877, held that a Michigan statute that established rules for solemnization of marriages did not abolish pre-existing common-law marriage, because the statute did not affirmatively require statutory solemnization and was silent as to preexisting common law.

The reason for the enactment of the codes in California in the 19th century was to replace a pre-existing system based on Spanish civil law with a system based on common law, similar to that in most other states.

On the NASDAQ the identifying fifth letter " Q " at the end of a stock symbol indicates the company is in bankruptcy ( formerly the " Q " was placed in front of the pre-existing stock symbol ; a celebrated example was Penn Central, whose symbol was originally " PC " and became " QPC " after the company filed Chapter 11 in 1970 ).

For this reason, the rural European society to which the crusaders were accustomed was replaced by a more secure urban society in the pre-existing cities of the Levant.

Disk storage was too slow for this ; graphics had to be calculated on the fly and without a pre-existing game engine.

The Scottish military ( as opposed to naval ) forces merged with the English, with pre-existing regular Scottish regiments maintaining their identities, though command of the new British Army was from England.

The fortress incorporates some of the pre-existing southern walls, the pre-existing structures including the keep of Santo Martini, the San Giovanni tower and an ancient basilica which now serves as the fortress chapel. Though the town itself was eventually conquered, the fortress itself was never taken, an admirable feat, considering the size of the Sienese and Florentine forces that besieged Montalcino at varying intervals.

The region was originally merged with the pre-existing Polish Silesian Voivodeship, until in 1950 it regained status as a region thanks to a reform of Polish regions.

It was the first Italian institution bringing together all activities carried out by pre-existing local organizations operating for the internationalization of the territory.

In Britain, where post-war prosperity was more limited, rock and roll culture became attached pre-existing to the Teddy Boy movement, largely working class in origins, and eventually to the longer lasting rockers.

Multiple accounts of the riot assert that there was no pre-existing organization or apparent cause for the demonstration ; what ensued was spontaneous.

In Moses and Monotheism, Sigmund Freud made a case for Judaism arising out of the pre-existing monotheism that was briefly imposed upon Egypt during the rule of Akhenaten.

The pre-existing notion of consortium imperii, the sharing of imperial power, and the notion that an associate to the throne was the designated successor ( possibly conflicting with the notion of hereditary claim by birth or adoption ), was to reappear repeatedly.

Modern scholars Thomas B. McAffee and Michael J. Quinlan have stated that James Madison " did not invent the right to keep and bear arms when he drafted the Second Amendment ; the right was pre-existing at both common law and in the early state constitutions.

This is similar to the rate of relapse after discontinuing antidepressant medication, and it has been suggested that it is due to the severity and chronicity of pre-existing illness for which ECT is generally used.

( Note that the idea that all cells come from pre-existing cells had in fact already been proposed by Robert Remak ; it has been suggested that Virchow plagiarised Remak.

A 1998 estimate by the International Association of Chiefs of Police suggested at least 113 pepper spray-related fatalities had occurred in the United States, all with aggravating factors such as intoxication, pre-existing health problems, or from the police use of airway-restrictive immobilizing holds that can cause positional asphyxia.

Bryant suggested that a pre-existing illness was the cause of Smith's demise on 6 February 1824, before the intended Royal reprieve arrived ; he asserted that Smith had been ill for some time, but that his accommodation was airy and spacious and that had been looked after with " utmost attention and kindness ".

Notwithstanding the acceptance of Coxe as their first Provincial Grand Master, it has been suggested that the formation of the new Grand Lodge by consenting pre-existing lodges makes it a Grand Lodge by " Immemorial right ", and a sister lodge to the Grand Lodges of England Scotland and Ireland.

He has also suggested that the considerable range of things surrounded by the earthworks, and the very long date range, are because henges were designed mainly to enclose pre-existing ceremonial sites that were seen as ' ritually charged ' and therefore dangerous to people.

Rather, he suggested a refinement to the weightings given to results by a pre-existing table.

This theory was first suggested by the scholars Thurneysen and Vendryes, who proposed that the ogham script was inspired by a pre-existing system of counting based around the numbers five and twenty, which was then adapted to an alphabet form by the first ogamists.

Demic diffusion is a demographic term referring to a migratory model, developed by Cavalli-Sforza, that consists of population diffusion into and across an area previously uninhabited by that group, possibly, but not necessarily, displacing, replacing, or intermixing with a pre-existing population ( such as has been suggested for the spread of agriculture across Neolithic Europe and several other Landnahme events ).

Some have suggested that sometimes these temples were built alongside pre-existing sacred sites in the landscape, and indeed, " ancient remains in the landscape held a significant place in the Anglo-Saxon mind as part of a wider, numinous, spiritual and resonant landscape ".

Freedburg derides Allori as derivative, claiming he illustrates " the ideal of Maniera by which art ( and style ) are generated out of pre-existing art.

The technique described in this paragraph has been replaced by the use of a cross compiler executed by a pre-existing computer.

In other words, if an ' uninhabited ' or ' infidel ' territory is colonized by Britain, then the English law automatically applies in this territory from the moment of colonization ; however if the colonized territory has a pre-existing legal system, the native law would apply ( effectively a form of indirect rule ) until formally superseded by the English law, through Royal Prerogative subjected to the Westminster Parliament.

A denialist may promote small gaps not yet accounted for by the consilient evidence, or small amounts of evidence contradicting a conclusion without accounting for the pre-existing strength resulting from consilience.

" In order to prevent consumer telephones from interfering with the MF-based routing and switching between telephone switching centers, DTMF's frequencies differ from all of the pre-existing MF signaling protocols between switching centers: MF / R1, R2, CCS4, CCS5, and others that were later replaced by SS7 digital signaling.

The IFW grew rapidly, especially by assimilating several pre-existing wargaming clubs, and aimed to promote interest in wargames of all periods and provided via its newsletters and societies a forum for wargamers to form local groups and share rules.

Gneiss () is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks.

However, his discoveries were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into general use only with discoveries of British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis in the treatment of wounds ; However, medical conservatism on new breakthroughs in pre-existing science prevented them from being generally well received during the 19th century.

It is controversial whether the connective thus defined is properly rendered by the English " if and only if ", with its pre-existing meaning.

Contrary to pre-existing Cartesian philosophy, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception.

Since the 1990s the sport has been mostly dominated by the Japanese K-1 promotion, with some competition coming from other promotions and mostly pre-existing governing bodies.

The kingdom also inherited " oriental " qualities, influenced by the pre-existing customs and populations.

* Rejection of terra nullius: The decision recognised that the indigenous population had a pre-existing system of law, which, along with all rights subsisting thereunder, would remain in force under the new sovereign except where specifically modified or extinguished by legislative or executive action.

These pulses are included physically within pre-existing recordings on VHS and Betamax, and generated upon playback by a chip in DVD players and digital cable / satellite boxes.

Another example of what might be considered by some to be excessive issues is that, at the time of the millennium, the United Kingdom issued 96 different stamps over about 24 months, all for pre-existing values with the same four rates for each set.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome ( RHS ) type 2 also known as herpes zoster oticus is a disorder that is caused by the reactivation of pre-existing herpes zoster virus in a nerve cell bundle in the head ( the geniculate ganglion ).

As interest in the game is driven to a large extent by a highly devoted, small number of enthusiasts, there have also been several non-commercially published rules as well as systems to adapt the Tékumel setting to other pre-existing, commercially available role playing rules including RuneQuest, GURPS and third edition Dungeons and Dragons.

Gun rights activists in recent decades have sometimes argued for a fundamental natural right to keep and bear arms that both predates the U. S. Constitution and is covered by the Constitution's Ninth Amendment ; according to this viewpoint, the Second Amendment only enumerates a pre-existing right to keep and bear arms.

In other stories, the universe is created by crafting it from pre-existing materials, such as the corpse of a dead god — as from Tiamat in the Babylonian epic Enuma Elish or from the giant Ymir in Norse mythology – or from chaotic materials, as in Izanagi and Izanami in Japanese mythology.