A precursor to modern commercial law, the Law Merchant emphasised the freedom of contract and alienability of property.

He was responsible for the 1893 establishment of the Army Medical School ( precursor of today's Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ), the organization of a contract dental service, the creation of the tuberculosis hospital at Fort Bayard, New Mexico, and of a special surgical hospital at Washington Barracks.

The Decca recording contract led to Walker recording several songs with Texas Jim Lewis and His Lone Star Cowboys, including “ Seven Beers with the Wrong Man ” in 1941, which was also filmed as an early ‘ Soundie ’ ( a precursor of music videos ).

* 1955 – Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering, the precursor to Sony, sells its first transistor radios in Japan.

Perfumes can still be found with ambergris around the world, it is collected from remains found at sea and on beaches, although its precursor originates from the sperm whale, which is a vulnerable species.

It was also the first BBS to produce audio for its visitors, broadcasting news about screen printing and music in a pre-recorded method in what was the precursor to Internet Radio.

The modern term chemical affinity is a somewhat modified variation of its eighteenth-century precursor " elective affinity " or elective attractions, a coinage of the Swedish chemist Torbern Olof Bergman from his book De attractionibus electivis ( 1775 ).

His most famous films are the groundbreaking Metropolis ( the world's most expensive silent film at the time of its release ) and M, made before he moved to the United States, his iconic precursor to the film noir genre.

Attested as early as the late 15th century BC, it is the earliest known form of Greek ( its precursor, Linear A, has not been deciphered to this day ).

The SP and ID numbers were used parenthetically after each boat's or ship's name to identify it ; although this system pre-dated the modern hull classification system and its numbers were not referred to at the time as " hull codes " or " hull numbers ," it was used in a similar manner to today's system and can be considered its precursor.

Hypnotism is often, mistakenly, thought to be the same as mesmerism, its historical precursor.

Similarly to its precursor in the visual arts, musical impressionism focuses on a suggestion and an atmosphere rather than on a strong emotion or the depiction of a story as in program music.

Representative ketones, from the left: acetone, a common solvent ; Oxaloacetic acid | oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the Krebs Cycle | metabolism of sugars ; acetylacetone in its ( mono ) enol form ( the enol highlighted in blue ); cyclohexanone, precursor to Nylon ; muscone, an animal scent ; and tetracycline, an antibiotic.

Due to the issue, reports of soldiers being wounded were directly linked to the M16, which many soldiers felt was unreliable compared to its precursor, the M14, which used stick powder, varying from the M16's utilization of ball powder.

In the late 12th century, Henry the Lion, Duke of the Saxons, conquered the region, subjugated its local lords, and Christianized its people, in a precursor to the Northern Crusades.

Although the island was ruled as a virtual fiefdom, its owner never claimed to be independent of the United Kingdom, so Lundy can at best be described as a precursor to later territorial micronations.

Beck calls this " the most likely scenario " and states " Till now, Mithraism has generally been treated as if it somehow evolved Topsy-like from its Iranian precursor – a most implausible scenario once it is stated explicitly.

Three years later, in 1960, Remey made a written announcement that his appointment as president of the international council represented an appointment by Shoghi Effendi as Guardian, because the appointed council was a precursor to the elected Universal House of Justice, which has the Guardian as its president.

In 1943, the United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) introduced its " Basic 7 " nutrition guide ( a precursor to the food pyramid ).

Proteins are often synthesized in an inactive precursor form ; typically, an N-terminal or C-terminal segment blocks the active site of the protein, inhibiting its function.

Proinsulin is necessary for the folding of the polypeptide chain as the 2 polypeptide chains of insulin may not correctly assemble into the correct form while its precursor proinsulin do.

The presequence translocase23 ( TIM23 ) is localized to the mitochondial inner membrane and acts a pore forming protein which binds precursor proteins with its N-terminal.

This precursor to the effects of the Suez Canal ( 1869 ), coupled with the advent of steam shipping that was not reliant on trade winds led to a gradual reduction in the number of ships calling at St Helena and to a decline in its strategic importance to Britain and economic fortunes.

Tradition is defined in biology as " a behavioral practice that is relatively enduring ( i. e., is performed repeatedly over a period of time ), that is shared among two or more members of a group, that depends in part on socially aided learning for its generation in new practitioners ", and has been called a precursor to " culture " in the anthropological sense.

The name " Walkman " was based on its precursor, the Pressman tape recorder.

At first, an immature form of the virus particle is produced inside the ER, whose M-protein is not yet cleaved to its mature form and is therefore denoted as prM ( precursor M ) and forms a complex with protein E. The immature particles are processed in the Golgi apparatus by the host protein furin, which cleaves prM to M. This releases E from the complex which can now take its place in the mature, infectious virion.

Bulletin board systems were in many ways a precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, social network services and other aspects of the Internet.

Ritter's experiments were an early precursor to what would become photography.

In September 2009, the journal Nature reported that researchers at the University of Washington and University of Florida were able to give trichromatic vision to squirrel monkeys using gene therapy, a hopeful precursor to a treatment for color blindness in humans.

Large meetings were held, including a three-day event in Bedfordshire, the precursor of the present Britain Yearly Meeting system.

Over the same period that Hellenism was spreading through the Mediterranean world, northern and western Europe were dominated by the La Tène culture, a precursor to the Celts that would populate the same area during the Roman age.

There were two deaths, but this was just a precursor of what happened after their Cape Cod arrival, when almost half the company would die in the first winter.

Friedrich Nietzsche was another major precursor of modernism with a philosophy in which psychological drives, specifically the ' Will to power ', were more important than facts, or things.

Letters and typographical symbols were sometimes used to create illustrations, in a precursor to ASCII art.

Each issue contained biographical information on many major costumed characters ; these biographies were a precursor to Marvel's series of reference material, The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe, which followed shortly on the heels of Contest of Champions.

Similar grants included land patents, which were land grants by early state governments in the USA, and printing patents, a precursor of modern copyright.

There were other regional parties, including Panaghiusa ( precursor of the Osmeñas ' BO-PK ), and the Mindanao Alliance in Mindanao, though many of them are now defunct.

John Chadwick believes that these were the precursor divinities of Demeter, Persephone and Poseidon.

Polo sticks were features on the Mameluke precursor to modern day playing cards.

Although these polymers have other properties of of contemporary protein as well, identity with the latter is not a necessary inference ". Some theories of abiogenesis propose that proteinoids were a precursor to the first living cells.

Ritter's experiments were an early precursor to what would become photography.

Likewise, maze games in the arcades were another precursor to puzzle games ( see 1979's Heiankyo Alien, for example ).

Others were trying to represent a more harrowing side of the reality of the war such precursor movies as the German Joseph Vilsmaier's Stalingrad, Wolfgang Petersen's Das Boot and the later, American director Terrence Malick's The Thin Red Line.

Many of them were absorbed by more powerful divinities, and some like the vegetation goddesses Ariadne and Helen survived in Greek folklore together with the cult of the " divine child ", who was probably the precursor of Dionysos.

Gérôme was the precursor, and often the master, of a number of French painters in the later part of the century whose works were often frankly salacious, frequently featuring scenes in harems, public baths and slave auctions ( the last two also available with classical decor ), and responsible, with others, for " the equation of Orientalism with the nude in pornographic mode ".

In the 19th century " dédoublement " or double consciousness, the historical precursor to DID, was frequently described as a state of sleepwalking, with scholars hypothesizing that the patients were switching between a normal consciousness and a " sonambulistic state ".

These acts were a precursor to the First Anglo-Dutch War.

The building's design and interior furnishings were a major precursor of the Arts and Crafts movement.