Barrett esophagus is marked by the presence of columnar epithelia in the lower esophagus, replacing the normal squamous cell epithelium — an example of metaplasia.

This frequently occurs in the presence of other metaplastic columnar cells but only the presence of goblet cells is diagnostic.

Many people with LEMS, both with and without VGCC antibodies, have detectable antibodies against the M1 subtype of the acetylcholine receptor ; it is thought that their presence participates in a lack of compensation for the slow calcium influx.

* In specific situations ( decreased reflexes which increase on facilitation, coexisting autonomic features, suspected presence of neoplasm, especially of the lung, presence of increment or facilitation on repetitive EMG testing ) testing is performed for Lambert-Eaton syndrome, in which other antibodies ( against a voltage-gated calcium channel ) can be found.

Pearl, considered by some to be a mineral because of the presence of calcium carbonate crystals within its structure, would be better considered a mineraloid because the crystals are bonded by an organic material, and there is no definite proportion of the components.

The way stalactites form on concrete is due to different chemistry than those that form naturally in limestone caves and is the result of the presence of calcium oxide in concrete.

For example, muscle contraction is dependent upon the presence of calcium ( Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >), sodium ( Na < sup >+</ sup >), and potassium ( K < sup >+</ sup >).

Wetlands with low pH and saline conductivity may reflect the presence of acid sulfates and wetlands with average salinity levels can be heavily influenced by calcium or magnesium.

The presence of ions, particularly divalent cations like magnesium and calcium, strongly affects this step.

* Hypocalcaemia-the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood

The cause of BPPV is the presence of normal but misplaced calcium crystals called otoconia, which are normally found in the utricle and saccule ( the otolith organs ) and are used to sense movement.

In the presence of parathyroid hormone, the distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs more calcium and excretes more phosphate.

However, because of the presence of acid animal products and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods in the hunter-gatherer diet — foods that displace base-yielding fruits and vegetables — the diet produces a net acid load on the body, as opposed to a net base load, which may increase calcium excretion.

* Iota forms soft gels in the presence of calcium ions.

In the presence of calcium, the Gla residues promote the binding of prothrombin to phospholipid bilayers ( see the picture ).

Deposits of calcium carbonate and opal phytoliths indicate the presence of plants and algae.

The most familiar of these is probably the presence of ions of calcium and magnesium which interfere with the cleaning action of soap, and can form hard sulfate and soft carbonate deposits in water heaters or boilers.

Temporary hardness is a type of water hardness caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals ( calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate ).

When this is the case, it is usually caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulfates and / or chlorides in the water, which become more soluble as the temperature increases.

In the case of sequences possibly including carbonates, calcite-cemented rocks or those with possible calcite veins, it is normal to test for the presence of calcite ( or other forms of calcium carbonate ) using dilute hydrochloric acid by looking for effervescence.

The strontium unit is a unit used to measure the amount of radioactivity from strontium-90, a radionuclide found in nuclear fallout, in a subject's body ; as the human body absorbs strontium as if it were calcium, incorporating it into the skeleton, its presence is very common.

In medicine, hypocalcaemia ( or hypocalcemia ) is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood, usually taken as less than 2. 1 mmol / L or 9 mg / dl or an ionized calcium level of less than 1. 1 mmol / L or 4. 5 mg / dL.

Chromite ore is heated with a mixture of calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate in the presence of air.

In calcium chloride transformation, the cells are prepared by chilling cells in the presence of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > ( in CaCl < sub > 2 </ sub > solution ) making the cell become permeable to plasmid DNA.

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion,.

This equilibrium between carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in water can, under changing temperature or pressure conditions, and in the presence of metal ions with insoluble carbonates, result in formation of insoluble compounds.

Thus in strong alkali at high pH, it forms the dually charged full urate ion, but at biological pH or in the presence of carbonic acid or carbonate ions, it forms the singly charged hydrogen or acid urate ion as its pKa < sub > 1 </ sub > is lower than the pKa < sub > 1 </ sub > of carbonic acid.

The second method involves the reaction of benzophenone with sodium cyanide in the presence of ammonium carbonate, followed by the simultaneous cyclization of the resulting product ( carboxyaminonitrile ) and its rearrangement under the reaction conditions to form phenytoin.

* Phenolphthalein, commonly used as a pH indicator, turns pink in the presence of a base such as ammonia fumes or sodium carbonate.

Chemical state analysis of the surface of polymers readily reveals the presence or absence of the chemical states of carbon known as: carbide ( C < sup > 2 -</ sup >), hydrocarbon ( C-C ), alcohol ( C-OH ), ketone ( C = O ), organic ester ( COOR ), carbonate ( CO < sub > 3 </ sub >), fluoro-hydrocarbon ( CF < sub > 2 </ sub >- CH < sub > 2 </ sub >), trifluorocarbon ( CF < sub > 3 </ sub >).

The Koenigs-Knorr reaction is the condensation of glycosyl halides and alcohols in the presence of metal salts such as silver carbonate or mercuric oxide.

Metamorphism of ultramafic rocks in the presence of water and / or carbon dioxide results in two main classes of metamorphic ultramafic rock ; talc carbonate and serpentinite.

Mitchell has suggested that rocks belonging to the " lamprophyre facies " are characterized by the presence of phenocrysts of mica and / or amphibole together with lesser clinopyroxene and / or melilite set in a groundmass which may consist ( either singly or in various combinations ) of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, feldspathoids, carbonate, monticellite, melilite, mica, amphibole, pyroxene, perovskite, Fe-Ti oxides and glass.

In the natural environment carbonate alkalinity tends to make up most of the total alkalinity due to the common occurrence and dissolution of carbonate rocks and presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Calcium hydroxide is caustic in the presence of water, and is very irritating to the nasal passages, so it is desirable to allow any left over calcium hydroxide to convert to calcium carbonate.

It is not the presence of carbonate or hydroxide ions per se that these plants cannot tolerate, but the fact that under alkaline conditions, iron becomes less soluble.

The hydroxyl group in the tri-epoxide is activated as a nucleophile by the presence of the base caesium carbonate The bulky trimethylsilyl groups make such that the polyether is formed with the correct stereochemistry and they are removed in situ by caesium fluoride.

Alternatively, it is prepared from the reaction of dimethyl sulfate with potassium iodide in the presence of calcium carbonate:

The flavour is rich and sweet, often with toasty notes, and sometimes hints of chocolate, always balanced by a significant alcohol presence.

: Fourth, the rich body of Halakhah and Aggadah and the later philosophic and mystical literature, all seeking to come closer to God's presence, are a precious resource for deepening the spiritual life of Israel and humankind.

The group suggested that volcanic island systems became rich in organic molecules in this way, and that the presence of carbonyl sulfide there could have helped these molecules form peptides.

The great white is an epipelagic fish, observed mostly in the presence of rich game, such as fur seals, sea lions, cetaceans, other sharks, and large bony fish species.

The Angevin presence in Italy appeared to offer a counterpoise to papal powers: in 1319 Perugia declared the Angevin Saint Louis of Toulouse " Protector of the city's sovereignty and of the Palazzo of its Priors " and set his figure among the other patron saints above the rich doorway of the Palazzo dei Priori.

Holmdel's picturesque beauty, proximity to New York City and main highways, award-winning schools, large homes, rich history, PNC Bank Arts Center, and the presence of many high paying jobs within commuting distance led the township to be ranked the # 1 " Six-Figure Town " by Money magazine and CNN for 2009.

Other scholars have disputed this contention, holding that Champa was never a united country, and arguing that the presence of a particularly rich historical record for a given region in a given period is no basis for claiming that the region functioned as the capital of a united Champa during that period.

The prince of Antioch was experienced and rich both in gifts and promises ; he fully deserved the marriage, which was celebrated with great pomp by the bishop of Chartres in the presence of the king, the Lord Louis, and many archbishops, bishops and noblemen of the realm.

* in an era when religion was rich in pageantry, the presence of the College of Vestal Virgins was required in numerous public ceremonies and wherever they went, they were transported in a carpentum, a covered two-wheeled carriage, preceded by a lictor, and had the right-of-way ;

And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bondman, and every free man, hid themselves in dens, and among the rocks of the mountains, and said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the presence of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb.

The evidence for these processes comes from the highly anorthositic composition of the crust of the lunar highlands, as well as the presence of the rocks rich in KREEP.

Though the present archaeological site covered by mudbrick ruins is vast, the site of Samarra was only lightly occupied in ancient times, apart from the Chalcolithic Samarran Culture ( ca 5500 – 4800 BC ) identified at the rich site of Tell Sawwan, where evidence of irrigation — including flax — establishes the presence of a prosperous settled culture with a highly organized social structure.

However the tidal surge of urban sprawl which engulfed the rich flatlands west of Sydney known as the Cumberland Plain soon reached Liverpool, and it became an outer suburb of metropolitan Sydney with a strong working-class presence and manufacturing facilities.

The quarter has had a rich history, with a nearly continual Jewish presence since the eighth century BCE.

Its rich legacy, tradition and culture, presence of Mahalaxmi temple, palaces, various arts makes the city ideal tourist destination.

The archaic settlement of Toppicelli on the Ofantina plain, has the presence of buildings and tombs of rich aristocratic outfits belonging to the class defined as " Dauni principles.

Within the next few years and down to c 820 BC, rich members of the community were cremated and buried close to the eastern end of the building, in much the same way as Christians might seek to be buried close to a saint's grave ; the presence of imported objects, notable throughout more than eighty further burials, contrast with other nearby cemeteries at Lefkandi and attest to a lasting elite tradition.

The oil boom of the 1970s produced " alarming " increase in inflation and waste and an " accelerating gap " between the rich and poor, the city and the country, along with the presence of tens of thousands of unpopular skilled foreign workers.

The requirements of the role, an imposing physical presence capable of combining lyrical sweetness with stentorian declamation that ranges from a rich baritonal middle to a ringing upper register, have made it problematic to cast ever since.

They are distinguished from ordinary syenites not only by the presence of nepheline but also by the occurrence of many other minerals rich in alkalis and in rare earths and other incompatible elements.

It is also rich in flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, flavonols and flavanols, catechins, delphinidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, ellagic acid and rutin ; other analysis revealed the presence of gallic and ellagic acids, suggesting that Camu camu fruit possesses hydrolyzed tannins ( gallo-and / or ellagitannins ).

Nevertheless, the presence of numerous foreigners from the French Jesuits to the Persian delegates has left historians with rich sources of material on the city of Ayutthaya and its courtly life in the seventeenth century that otherwise would not have survived the complete destruction of the capital in 1767.

The history of Tunisia reveals this rich past where different successive Mediterranean cultures had a strong presence.

The presence of the French on Slovene territories reflects also in the surnames and house names of French origin, in frescoes, bee hive paintings and other paintings depicting French soldiers as well as in rich immovable cultural heritage ( roads, bridges, fountains ).