The two Governments agree that they will take reasonable precautions to assure that all sales or purchases of surplus agricultural commodities, pursuant to the Agreement will not displace usual marketings of the United States of America in these commodities, or unduly disrupt world prices of agricultural commodities or normal patterns of commercial trade with friendly countries.

The total value of our industry's shipments, at factory prices, increased from $9.2 billion in 1959 to approximately $10.1 billion as a result of increases in all of the major segments of our business -- home entertainment, military, industrial, and replacement.

Diametric opposition must persist as to the future course of prices, if there is to persist a market at all.

( We abstract here from technological progress and assume that prices of all other products change proportionately.

The Agriculturalists supported the fixing of prices, in which all similar goods, regardless of differences in quality and demand, are set at exactly the same, unchanging price.

Cuneiform sources suggest that the Gutians ' administration showed little concern for maintaining agriculture, written records, or public safety ; they reputedly released all farm animals to roam about Mesopotamia freely, and soon brought about famine and rocketing grain prices.

: These sold at such prices in the markets of all the cities!

Regarding alcohol, wines and spirits are to be sold only in the state owned Wine And Spirits shops, where all prices must remain the same throughout the state ( county sales tax may cause the price to differ slightly ).

This is partly attributed to a shift away from private motoring due to growing road congestion and increasing petrol prices, but also to the fact that travelling in general ( for all modes ) has increased with affluency.

The Agriculturalists supported the fixing of prices, in which all similar goods, regardless of differences in quality and demand, are set at exactly the same, unchanging price.

Ludwig von Mises argued in Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth that the pricing systems in socialist economies were necessarily deficient because if a public entity owned all the means of production no rational prices could be obtained for capital goods as they were merely internal transfers of goods and not " objects of exchange ," unlike final goods.

An early example of equality-of-outcome economic egalitarianism is Xu Xing, a scholar of the Chinese philosophy of Agriculturalism, who supported the fixing of prices, in which all similar goods and services, regardless of differences in quality and demand, are set at exactly the same, unchanging price.

If the firm is a perfect competitor in all input markets, and thus the per-unit prices of all its inputs are unaffected by how much of the inputs the firm purchases, then it can be shown that at a particular level of output, the firm has economies of scale if and only if it has increasing returns to scale, has diseconomies of scale if and only if it has decreasing returns to scale, and has neither economies nor diseconomies of scale if it has constant returns to scale.

These locations were open at all times of the day, featuring ornate tableware and reasonable prices.

The freer the market, the more prices will reflect consumer habits and demands, and the more valuable the information in these prices are to all players in the economy.

Under President Shevardnadze's leadership, the government had nonetheless made some progress on basic market reforms: all prices and most trade have been liberalized, a stable national currency ( the lari ) was introduced, and massive government downsizing took place.

That meant that people had accumulated large paper assets, and that official prices and wages did not reflect reality, as the black market dominated the economy and more than half of all transactions were taking place unofficially.

He also enforced low prices on all goods to raise support from the Proletariat.

The long cycle supposedly affects all sectors of an economy, and concerns mainly output rather than prices ( although Kondratieff had made observations focusing more on prices, inflation and interest rates ).

This could be explained by a " cost of production " argument, pointing out that all costs are ultimately labor costs, but this does not account for profit, and it is vulnerable to the charge of tautology in that it explains prices by prices.

In his book he asked why, if Saudi Arabia had such an effect on Soviet oil prices, did prices not fall in 1980 when the production of oil by Saudi Arabia reached its highest level — three times as much oil as in the mid-eighties — and why did the Saudis wait till 1990 to increase their production, five years after the CIA's supposed intervention?

Institutions such as hedge funds, pension funds and investment banks like Barclays Capital, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have been instrumental in pushing up prices in the last five years, with investment in food commodities rising from $ 65bn to $ 126bn (£ 41bn to £ 79bn ) between 2007 and 2012, contributing to 30-year highs.

In 1980, Julian Simon repeatedly challenged environmental scientists to bet against him on trends in prices of commodities, asserting that humanity would never run out of anything ... Paul and the other scientists knew that the five metals in the proposed wager were not critical indicators and said so at the time ...

The fall in price among the five metals over the time-course of the wager can be attributed to the principle of substitution and the dynamic influence of technology with respect to commodity prices.

In 1983, a third revision of fares was undertaken, and a new inter-modal Travelcard season ticket was launched covering five new numbered zones ; representing an overall cut in prices of around 25 %.

( Ticket prices at the private theatres were five or six times higher ).

However, due to the cost of maintaining a circulation of low value coins, by business and the mints, Finland and the Netherlands round prices to the nearest five cents ( Swedish rounding ) if paying with cash, while producing only a handful of those coins for collectors, rather than general circulation.

Forced to pay exorbitant prices for food, Danglars eventually signs away all but 50, 000 francs of the stolen five million ( which Dantès anonymously returns to the hospitals ).

Longer films caused ticket prices to double from five cents to ten cents.

" She capably ran the five plantations left to her when her first husband died, bargaining with London merchants for the best tobacco prices.

However, less than five years after the 1996 launch of APS, the compact autofocus digital camera became available at increasingly reasonable prices, and APS camera sales plummeted.

Woolworth Co. had the first five-and-dime stores, which sold discounted general merchandise at fixed prices, usually five or ten cents, undercutting the prices of other local merchants.

Every five years, OFWAT set limits on the prices which UK water companies can charge to their customers ; this process is known as a Price Review.

These five questions are how well the business ’ current brand strategy is working, what are the company ’ s established resource strengths and weaknesses, what are its external opportunities and threats, how competitive are the business ’ prices and costs, how strong is the business ’ competitive position in comparison to its competitors, and what strategic issues are facing the business.

King noted the " unusually large " difference between the RPIX and CPI at the beginning of 2004 ( the latter does not include house prices as part of its inflation measure, whilst the former does ), and, six months later, that UK house prices had risen " to levels which are well above what most people would regard as sustainable in the longer term ", having increased by more than 20 % over the preceding year and more than 100 % over the preceding five.

Three factors were largely responsible: the difficulty and expense of developing and operating mining technology that could economically remove the nodules from depths of five or six kilometers and transport them to the ocean surface, the high taxes the international community would charge for the mining, and the continuing availability of the key minerals from land-based sources at market prices.

To express prices in spoken Cantonese, for example $ 7. 80, the phrase is 七個八 ( chat go baat, seven units and eight ); in financial terms, where integer values in cents exist, e. g., $ 6. 75, the phrase is 六個七毫半 ( luhk go chat houh bun, six and seven " houh " half ) in Yale Romanisation sounds like the American pronunciation of " boon " ( fives in cents is normally expressed as " half ", unless followed by another five, such as 55 cents when preceded by a dollar value ); $ 7. 08 is 七蚊零八仙 ( seven dollars " ling " ( zero ) eight cents ).

Ship captains negotiated prices for transporting and feeding a passenger on the seven or eight week journey across the ocean, averaging about £ 5 to £ 7, the equivalent of four or five years of work back in England.

The merger was abandoned five months later amid falling oil prices.

In the first five days 10, 000 people travelled on the line and property prices increased overnight.

As with stamps, precious metals or other commodities, coin prices are cyclical based on supply and demand.

Reporting on these developments in his annual report to the Authority in April 2008, Secretary-General Nandan referred also to the upward trend in demand and prices for cobalt, copper, nickel and manganese, the main metals that would be derived from seabed mining, and he noted that technologies being developed for offshore extraction could be adapted for deep sea mining.

If the inflation-adjusted prices of the various metals rose in the interim, Simon would pay Ehrlich the combined difference.

However since 2000, Kazakhstan's economy grew sharply, aided by increased prices on world markets for Kazakhstan's leading exports — oil, metals and grain.

Although Hamilton understood that adjustment might be needed from time to time as precious metal prices fluctuated, he believed that if the nation's unit of value was defined only by one of the two precious metals used for coins, the other would descend to the status of mere merchandise.

Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80 % of Russian exports, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices.

Historically, precious metals have commanded much higher prices than common industrial metals.

World prices for metals fell in 1982, and the mine owners announced in May a two-month halt to production starting in June, 1982.

Bodin was after Martín de Azpilicueta, who had alluded to the issue in 1556 ( something noticed also by Gomara in his unpublished Annals ), an early observer that the rise in prices was due in large part to the influx of precious metals.

Historically goldsmiths have also made silverware, platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, and ceremonial or religious items, but the rising prices of precious metals have curtailed the making of such items to a large degree.

Public futures markets were established in the 19th century to allow transparent, standardized, and efficient hedging of agricultural commodity prices ; they have since expanded to include futures contracts for hedging the values of energy, precious metals, foreign currency, and interest rate fluctuations.

This exchange eventually led to the Simon-Ehrlich wager, a bet about the trend of prices for certain metals that he made in 1980 with, and lost to, Julian Simon.

The clay industry really only came into its own during the mid 19th to early 20th century, at a time when the falling prices of tin and other metals forced many mines to close down or convert to clay mining.

With escalating prices and increasing global demand, reactor-produced noble metals are emerging as an alternative source.

Compared to numismatic coins, bullion bars or bullion coins can typically be purchased and traded at lower margins and their trading prices are closer to the values of the contained precious metals.

Interested in the effect of precious metals arriving from the Americas, de Azpilcueta proved that in the countries where precious metals were scarce, prices for them were higher than in those where they were abundant.

The first issue weighed 103. 8 grains and was 50 % silver and 50 % base metals, thus it contained 0. 108125 troy ounces of silver, worth about £ 1 at modern prices.

In the fourth quarter of 2008, however, world market prices for metals like copper, aluminium, and platinum dropped steeply.