* Principle of legal security, which includes a principle of legal certainty and the principle of nonretroactivity

The widely accepted notion that the security of the system should depend on the key alone has been explicitly formulated by Auguste Kerckhoffs ( in the 1880s ) and Claude Shannon ( in the 1940s ); the statements are known as Kerckhoffs ' principle and Shannon's Maxim respectively.

Vendors ignoring warnings and relying on the ignorance of attackers appeal to security through obscurity-however there is a well-established principle that obscurity should never be used as a primary security measure, and at some point vendor reliance on obscurity becomes a fraudulent misrepresentation of the security of their products.

In the context of security the minimality principle of microkernels is a direct consequence of the principle of least privilege, according to which all code should have only the privileges needed to provide required functionality.

Spain maintains sovereignty over Ceuta, Melilla, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Alhucemas and the Chafarinas Islands ( captured following the Christian reconquest of Spain ) based upon historical grounds, security reasons and on the basis of the UN principle of territorial integrity.

Security through obscurity is a pejorative referring to a principle in security engineering, which attempts to use secrecy of design or implementation to provide security.

In cryptography proper, the argument against security by obscurity dates back to at least Kerckhoffs ' principle, put forth in 1883 by Auguste Kerckhoffs.

The argument for security through minority runs counter to a principle observed in nature, in predator-prey scenarios.

Protective jurisdiction is a principle which " provides that states may exercise jurisdiction over aliens who have committed an act abroad which is deemed prejudicial to the security of the particular state concerned.

This principle is known as Kerckhoffs ' principle — " only secrecy of the key provides security ", or, reformulated as Shannon's maxim, " the enemy knows the system ".

A generalization some make from Kerckhoffs's principle is, " The fewer and simpler the secrets that one must keep to ensure system security, the easier it is to maintain system security.

Eric Raymond extends this principle in support of open source security software, saying, " Any security software design that doesn't assume the enemy possesses the source code is already untrustworthy ; therefore, never trust closed source.

Given that controls are imperfect, strong physical security applies the principle of defense in depth using appropriate combinations of overlapping and complementary controls.

An underlying principle of SoD is that no individual should be able to effect a breach of security through dual privilege.

This principle states that a combination of securities that has the same cash flows as another security must have the same net price in equilibrium.

During the Cold War the United States had relied on deterrence rather than prevention as the central principle of its security strategy.

Three elements have been important in holding the Communion together: First, the shared ecclesial structure of the component churches, manifested in an episcopal polity maintained through the apostolic succession of bishops and synodical government ; second, the principle of belief expressed in worship, investing importance in approved prayer books and their rubrics ; and third, the historical documents and standard divines that have influenced the ethos of the Communion.

This teaching is the foundation of the Christian Science principle that disease – and any other adversity – can be cured through prayerful efforts, made possible only by God's grace, to fully understand this spiritual relationship.

Among the Ancient Greeks, Heraclitus conceived of a logos, a supreme rational principle, and said the wisdom " by which all things are steered through all things " was " both willing and unwilling to be called Zeus ( God )".

Many early experiments found that any modification of the apparatus that can determine which slit a particle passes through will reduce the visibility of interference at the screen, thereby illustrating the complementarity principle: that light ( and electrons, etc.

One of the few general approaches is through the Hasse principle.

Bellamy's vision of a country relieved of its social ills through abandonment of the principle of competition and establishment of state ownership of industry proved an appealing panacea to a generation of intellectuals alienated from the dark side of Gilded Age America.

Further analysis of this process, known as electromagnetic induction, enabled him to state the principle, now known as Faraday's law of induction, that the potential difference induced in a closed circuit is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop.

In The Use of Knowledge in Society ( 1945 ), Hayek argued that the price mechanism serves to share and synchronize local and personal knowledge, allowing society's members to achieve diverse, complicated ends through a principle of spontaneous self-organization.

The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut.

Their ideology based mainly on tantras sees Shakti as the principle of energy through which all divinity functions, thus showing the masculine to be dependent on the feminine.

The narrative structure allows for this diversity through simple stylistic devices such as the principle of ring composition, familiar since the time of Homer, in which the introduction and conclusion of a story or sub-plot is signalled by the repetition of some formulaic statement, facilitating the reader's comprehension of stories within stories in a kind of ' Chinese-box technique '— a structure that has no resemblance to the nine books artificially created by Alexandrian scholars.

"... Emerson opposes on principle the reliance on social structures ( civil, religious ) precisely because through them the individual approaches the divine second hand, mediated by the once original experience of a genius from another age: " An institution ," as he explains, " is the lengthened shadow of one man.

" And then they went to work and elaborated this one principle all through, and it is a most wonderful ideal: how all that we call ethics they simply bring out from that one great principle of non-injury and doing good.

Bernoulli's principle states that within an airflow of constant energy, when the air flows through a region of lower pressure it speeds up and vice versa.

The tendency to form a ( homoeopolar ) chemical bond ( this means: the formation of a symmetric molecular orbital, i. e. with the + sign ) results through the Pauli principle automatically in an antisymmetric spin state ( i. e. with the-sign ).

Liedtke demonstrated with his own L4 microkernel that through careful design and implementation, and especially by following the minimality principle, IPC costs could be reduced by more than an order of magnitude compared to Mach.

Being a modern, dynamic, flexible and highly skilled, composed of the national popular resource to maximize the operational aspect of the Bolivarian National Armed Force, through the integration of people organized under the constitutional principle of responsibility between the State and Society Aimed at ensuring the overall defense of the nation.

Today, funneling email through MSA systems run by providers that in principle have some means of holding their users accountable for the generation of the email is a defense against spam and other forms of email abuse.

" To impart this principle, they hold public rituals near the eight common holidays of Neopagan tradition where they celebrate the embodiment of the gay male divine through the life-cycle of human experience.

Refraction occurs when light travels through an area of space that has a changing index of refraction ; this principle allows for lenses and the focusing of light.

In the absence of nonlinear effects, the superposition principle can be used to predict the shape of interacting waveforms through the simple addition of the disturbances.

In Conservative and Reform Judaism, and some movements within Protestant Christianity, including process theology and open theism, deities are said to act in the world through persuasion, and not by coercion ( for open theism, this is a matter of choice — a deity could act miraculously, and perhaps on occasion does so — while for process theism it is a matter of necessity — creatures have inherent powers that a deity cannot, even in principle, override ).

Thus followed the line of Lomonosov and the contributions of the Russian school became more frequent through his disciples, and in the nineteenth century we have great geographers as Vasily Dokuchaev who performed works of great importance as a " principle of comprehensive analysis of the territory " and " Russian Chernozem " latter being the most important where introduces the geographical concept of soil, as distinct from a simple geological strata, and thus founding a new geographic area of study: the Pedology.

Security through obscurity has never achieved engineering acceptance as an approach to securing a system, as it contradicts the principle of " keeping it simple ".

Since cryptographic security should never depend on the obscurity of either ( see security through obscurity, specifically both Shannon's Maxim and Kerckhoffs ' principle ), resistance to timing attacks should not either.

faith ; the living continuity of the Church from her very foundation as an ideal factor of history, the emphasis of a common faith as the basis of Protestant theology ; the entire transformation of this theology by the principle of justification ; the necessity of preserving the principles of the Reformation in their purity ; the obscurity caused by the later Protestant scholasticism, which considered the dogmas laid down in the confessional writings of the Church as the final conclusion of all dogmatic knowledge ; and the sound reaction against this tendency by the Pietistic