The vast majority of laws are now subject to the ordinary legislative procedure, which works on the principle that consent from both the Council and Parliament are required before a law may be adopted.

The official teachings of Judaism approve the death penalty in principle but the standard of proof required for application of death penalty is extremely stringent.

In yeast, ERMES, a multiprotein complex of interacting ER-and mitochondrial-resident membrane proteins, is required for lipid transfer at the MAM and exemplifies this principle.

While paired electrons are required by the Pauli exclusion principle to have their intrinsic (' spin ') magnetic moments pointing in opposite directions, causing their magnetic fields to cancel out, an unpaired electron is free to align its magnetic moment in any direction.

In the context of security the minimality principle of microkernels is a direct consequence of the principle of least privilege, according to which all code should have only the privileges needed to provide required functionality.

In Scotland and many countries throughout the world, particularly in mainland Europe, civil law means that judges take case law into account in a similar way, but are not obliged to do so and are required to consider the precedent in terms of principle.

In " Famine, Affluence, and Morality ", he begins by saying that he would like to see how far a seemingly innocuous and widely endorsed principle can take us ; the principle is that one is morally required to forgo a small pleasure to relieve someone else's immense pain.

The essence of this principle is that raising the time or risk involved, the attacker is denied the information required to make a solid risk-reward decision about whether to attack in the first place.

* Those prince-bishops who had converted to Lutheranism were required to give up their territories ( the principle called reservatum ecclesiasticum ).

As required by the principle of checks and balances, the Department also consults with Congress about foreign policy initiatives and policies.

It is well known from the theory of Fourier analysis, or from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle ( in the case of quantum mechanics ) that a narrow range of wavelengths is necessary to produce a localized wave packet, and the more localized the envelope, the larger the spread in required wavelengths.

The core principle of spread spectrum is the use of noise-like carrier waves, and, as the name implies, bandwidths much wider than that required for simple point-to-point communication at the same data rate.

The link principle was more efficient, but required a more complex control system to find idle links through the switching fabric.

Frege required Basic Law V to be able to give an explicit definition of the numbers, but all the properties of numbers can be derived from Hume's principle.

* Economy of representation is the principle that grammatical structures must exist for a purpose, i. e., the structure of a sentence should be no larger or more complex than required to satisfy constraints on grammaticality.

In general physical situations are not purely described by plane waves, so for generality the superposition principle is required ; any wave can be made by superposition of sinusoidal plane waves.

The same principle governs the usefulness of the DFT and other transforms for signal compression: the smoother a function is, the fewer terms in its DFT or DCT are required to represent it accurately, and the more it can be compressed.

This, however, broke the end-to-end principle of Internet architecture and methods were required to allow private networks, with frequently changing external IP addresses, to discover their public address and insert it into the Domain Name System in order to participate in Internet communications more fully.

Calculus, though allowed in solutions, is never required, as there is a principle at play that anyone with a basic understanding of mathematics should understand the problems, even if the solutions require a great deal more knowledge.

This amendment was seen by many to violate the principle of separation of church and state, and was defeated in the Senate with only 49 affirmative votes, falling short of the 67 votes required for a constitutional amendment.

Although the European principle of land ownership was not recognized by the Lenape, Dutch West India Company policy required their colonists to purchase land that they settled, but typically, trading relationships were established in this area, rather than Dutch settlements.

Updating the required electrical and infrastructure costs can be funded, in principle, by toll revenue, gasoline or other taxes.

Those who ignore the effects of long run trade deficits may be confusing David Ricardo's principle of comparative advantage with Adam Smith's principle of absolute advantage, specifically ignoring the latter.

Mandatory priestly celibacy is not a doctrine, or dogma, of the Church ( examples of Catholic doctrine would be the principle of the absolute respect for life or the belief in the Assumption and Immaculate Conception ) but a church rule or discipline, like the use of the vernacular ( local ) language in Mass or the ancient rule of Lenten fasting and abstinence.

The state military system inherited and upholds the principle of the Communist Party ’ s absolute leadership over the people ’ s armed forces.

He claims to demonstrate that because knowledge can only be had through contingent ( imperfect ) experience, the notion of absolute, uncontingent knowledge must not actually be obtainable, but must function merely as a “ regulative principle ” or heuristic device for problem solving.

It generalizes Galileo's principle of relativity — that all uniform motion is relative, and that there is no absolute and well-defined state of rest ( no privileged reference frames )— from mechanics to all the laws of physics, including both the laws of mechanics and of electrodynamics, whatever they may be.

" However, in the view of soft secularism, " the attainment of absolute truth was impossible and therefore skepticism and tolerance should be the principle and overriding values in the discussion of science and religion.

It is not the world that is absurd, nor human thought: the absurd arises when the human need to understand meets the unreasonableness of the world, when " my appetite for the absolute and for unity " meets the inability of " reducing this world to a rational and reasonable principle.

This is his most famous work, and was the ablest statement and defense of the principle of absolute liberty of conscience that had appeared in any language.

The revolution's principles of popular sovereignty, though central to democratic principles of later eras, marked a decisive break from the absolute monarchical principle that was at the heart of traditional French government.

Such a principle tends toward a consolidation of power in which the interests of the absolute majority always prevail over those of the minority.

However, absolute monarchy, theorized by Hobbes in the Leviathan ( 1651 ), remained a dominant principle.

* 1893 – Ernst Mach states Mach's principle ; first constructive attack on the idea of Newtonian absolute space

His alleged statement, " L ' état, c ' est moi " ( Literally: " The state, it is me "), summarizes the fundamental principle of absolute monarchy ( sovereignty being vested in one individual ).

This fundamental principle of legality, already present in the penal code and introduced to the constitution in the revision of 1983, is absolute and cannot be limited by law.

The uncertainty principle requires every physical system to have a zero-point energy greater than the minimum of its classical potential well, even at absolute zero.

It is an attempt to show that the same moral principle that ought to direct human life may be perceived to underlie the works and ways of God: goodness in the Deity not being a mere disposition to benevolence but a regard to an order, beauty and harmony, which are not merely relative to our faculties and capacities but real and absolute ; claiming for their own sakes the reverence of all intelligent beings and alone answering to the perfection of the divine ideas.

To Innocent III credit is given for the elaboration and the most complete and concrete issue of the theocratic doctrine, principle according to which the absolute rule on every earthly power is ascribed to the Pope.

A man with imperium (" imperator ") had, in principle, absolute authority to apply the law within the scope of his magistracy, or promagistracy, but could be vetoed, or overruled, by a magistrate, or promagistrate, having imperium maius ( a higher degree of imperium ) or, as most republican magistracies were multiple ( though not quite collegial since each could act on his own ), by the equal power of his colleague ( e. g., the other consul ).

The total energy of the Fermi gas at absolute zero is larger than the sum of the single-particle ground states because the Pauli principle implies a sort of interaction or pressure that keeps fermions separated and moving.

It brought in a bill for manhood suffrage at elections for the Second Chamber, together with single member constituencies and election on the absolute majority principle.

The concept of an absolute velocity, including being " at rest " as a particular case, is ruled out by the principle of relativity, also eliminating any obvious " center " of the universe as a natural origin of coordinates.

Such experimental results are now seen, consistent with special relativity, to reflect the validity of the principle of relativity and the absence of any absolute rest frame ( or aether ).

Later in his New Statesman article he wrote that in terms of the political struggle within Britain ( as opposed to struggles against absolute tyrants like Hitler and Saddam where violent resistance can be the lesser of two evils ): " I remain committed to the Gandhian principle of non-violence ".