A smart card, combining credit card and debit card properties.

Wil McCarthy invented the Wellstone, or Programmable matter concept: Programmable Matter smart material is any bulk substance whose physical properties can be adjusted in real time through the application of light, voltage, electric or magnetic fields, etc.

A smart fluid is a fluid whose properties ( for example the viscosity ) can be changed by applying an electric field or a magnetic field.

Smart glass, EGlass, or switchable glass, also called smart windows or switchable windows in its application to windows or skylights, refers to electrically switchable glass or glazing which changes light transmission properties when voltage is applied.

The curing conditions affect the size of the droplets that in turn affect the final operating properties of the " smart window ".

The expression smart glass can be interpreted in a wider sense to include also glazings that change light transmission properties in response to an environmental signal such as light or temperature.

In contrast, all electrically switched smart windows can be made to automatically adapt their light transmission properties in response to temperature or brightness by integration with a thermometer or photosensor, respectively

Included in its properties under the GGP reorganization is the mixed-use Town Center of Columbia, Maryland, for which a world-class redevelopment plan was recently approved that incorporates modern environmental and smart growth principles.

An active structure ( also known as a smart or adaptive structure ) is a mechanical structure with the ability to alter its configuration, form or properties in response to changes in the environment.

Rheometry is a specific concern for smart fluids such as magnetorheological fluids and electrorheological fluids, as it is the primary method to quantify the useful properties of these materials.

Continuum mechanics deals with physical properties of solids and fluids which are independent of any particular coordinate system in which they are observed.

Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of fluids, mixtures of fluids, solids, and even the interior of stars.

Rheometers are instruments used to characterize the rheological properties of materials, typically fluids that are melts or solution.

Book 2 also discusses ( in < span class =" plainlinks "> Section 5 </ span >) hydrostatics and the properties of compressible fluids.

Non-Newtonian fluid is a type of fluid whose flow properties differ in any way from those of Newtonian fluids.

Although the concept of viscosity is commonly used in fluid mechanics to characterize the shear properties of a fluid, it can be inadequate to describe non-Newtonian fluids.

Polymers composed of long molecular chains have unique viscoelastic properties, which combine the characteristics of elastic solids and Newtonian fluids.

Semi-synthetic and synthetic cutting fluids represent attempts to combine the best properties of oil with the best properties of water by suspending emulsified oil in a water base.

Sections of the book included: Of electricity in general ; Of the electrical machine, with directions for exciting it ; The properties of electric attraction and repulsion illustrated by experiments with light bodies ; Entertaining experiments by the attraction and repulsion of light bodies, with some remarks on electrical attraction ; Of the electrical sparks ; Of the electrified points ; Of the Leyden phial ; Of the electrical battery, and the lateral explosion of charged jars ; Of the influence of pointed conductors for buildings ; To charge a plate of air ; Of the electrophorus ; Of atmospherical electricity ; Of the diffusion and subdivision of fluids by electricity ; Of the electric light in vacuo ; Of medical electricity ; Miscellaneous experiments and observations ; An essay on magnetism.

These measured properties of blood and other fluids may be useful in the diagnosis of disease.

There are three properties of blood, and related fluids, which can lead to difficulties in measuring rheological properties:

By understanding how matter behaves at the critical point, scientists hope to gain a better insight into a variety of physics problems ranging from phase changes in fluids to changes in the composition and magnetic properties of solids.

In the case of MR fluids ( and ER ), the fluid actually assumes properties comparable to a solid when in the activated (" on ") state, up until a point of yield ( the shear stress above which shearing occurs ).

While surfactants are useful in prolonging the settling rate in MR fluids, they also prove detrimental to the fluid's magnetic properties ( specifically, the magnetic saturation ), which is commonly a parameter which users wish to maximize in order to increase the maximum apparent yield stress.

Polymers composed of long molecular chains have unique viscoelastic properties, which combine the characteristics of elastic solids and Newtonian fluids.

The enthalpy of solution of an ideal solution is zero since the attractive and repulsive properties of ideal fluids are equal, irrespective of the compounds, thus mixing them does not change the interactions.

Although working fluids have a very large number of physical properties which can be defined, the thermodynamic properties which are often required in engineering design and analysis are few.

Different working fluids have different properties and in choosing one in particular the designer must identify the major requirements.

In general terms, supercritical fluids have properties between those of a gas and a liquid.

In Table 1, the critical properties are shown for some components, which are commonly used as supercritical fluids.

We have entered into an agreement for the sale of the present Cranston properties, effective as soon as we have completed removal to our new plant.

the magnetic moment of an unpaired electron associated nearby may have a tremendous influence on the magnetic resonance properties of nuclei.

The biological and physical properties of infectious particles have been studied intensively during the past fifteen years.

In the present work whole sera have been fractionated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose using single gradients similar to those described by Sober and Peterson, and certain chemical and serological properties of the fractions containing antibodies of the ABO and Rh systems have been described.

For an experiment to qualify as a binomial experiment, it must have four properties: ( 1 ) there must be a fixed number of trials, ( 2 ) each trial must result in a `` success '' or a `` failure '' ( a binomial trial ), ( 3 ) all trials must have identical probabilities of success, ( 4 ) the trials must be independent of each other.

The most important factor in determining what properties the end-product will have is quite naturally the type of hydroxyl-rich compound that is used in its production.

They also will visit properties on which appeals have been made.

Whereas the primary meanings of the Lo Shu diagram seemed to have been based on its inner mathematical properties -- and we shall see that even its secondary meanings rested on some mathematical bases -- the urgent desire to place everything into categories of fives led to other groupings based on other numbers, until an exaggerated emphasis on mere numerology pervaded Chinese thought.

Experiments have been conducted to attempt the synthesis of ununennium ( Uue ), which is likely to be the next member of the group, but they have all met with failure .< ref name =" link "> However, ununennium may not be an alkali metal due to relativistic effects, which are predicted to have a large influence on the chemical properties of superheavy elements.

Besides iodine and tellurium, later several other pairs of elements ( such as argon and potassium, cobalt and nickel ) were known to have nearly identical or reversed atomic weights, leaving their placement in the periodic table by chemical properties to be in violation of known physical properties.

They can also include essential oils that have some antibacterial properties, like phenol, thymol, eugenol, eucalyptol or menthol.

The organosulphur compounds responsible for the characteristic odour are believed to have antioxidant, antibiotic and anticarcinogenic properties, to stimulate the immune system and to be protective of liver functioning.

A cause for this difference is that the axiom of choice in type theory does not have the extensionality properties that the axiom of choice in constructive set theory does.

The observed properties are consistent with it being a heavier analog of iodine ; many other properties have been estimated based on this resemblance.

Most of the physical properties of astatine have been estimated ( by interpolation or extrapolation ), using various theoretically-grounded or empirically-derived methods.

Despite this controversy, many properties of diatomic astatine have been predicted.

Many chemical properties of astatine have been determined using tracer studies on extremely dilute astatine solutions.

Many plants in this family, such as wild carrot, have estrogenic properties and have been used as a folk medicine for birth control.