Rather than being a strict Darwinian, Haeckel believed that racial characteristics were acquired through interactions with the environment and that ontogeny directly followed phylogeny.

He was incessantly tortured by the fear of being regarded as a ‘ bourgeois intellectual ’… It always seemed as if he were offering blind devotion ( to Nazism ) to make up for his lack of all those characteristics of the racial elite which nature had denied him.

In 1995 in the Journal of Black Studies, Zack Cernovsky wrote, " some of Rushton's references to scientific literature with respects to racial differences in sexual characteristics turned out to be references to a nonscientific semi-pornographic book and to an article in the Penthouse magazine's Forum.

When the practice of treating certain groups preferentially, or denying rights or benefits to certain groups, based on racial characteristics is institutionalized, it is termed “ institutional racism ”.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines racism as the “ belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races ” and the expression of such prejudice, while the Merriam-Webster's Dictionary defines it as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority or inferiority of a particular racial group, and alternatively that it is also the prejudice based on such a belief.

According to this view, culture is the physical manifestation created by ethnic groupings, as such fully determined by racial characteristics.

Racial qualities tended to be related to nationality and language rather than the actual geographic distribution of racial characteristics.

Such allegations have been rejected by some scholars such as Andre Béteille, an Indian sociologist, who writes that treating caste as a form of racism is " politically mischievous " and worse, " scientifically nonsense " since there is no discernible difference in the racial characteristics between Brahmins and Scheduled Castes.

Caucasian itself derives in part from the assumption that the tribe of Japheth developed its distinctive racial characteristics in the Caucasus, where Mount Ararat is located.

Racism is defined as “ the belief that races exist, that physical characteristics determine cultural traits, and that racial characteristics make some groups superior.

The Supreme Court held in the case that as Southern blacks tend to vote for the Democratic Party, North Carolina's 12th congressional district was drawn based upon voting behavior, instead of upon racial characteristics.

Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry ; they do not exhibit characteristics that can be classified as of a single racial phenotype.

The face of the Sphinx has been damaged over the millennia, making conclusive racial identification of its characteristics difficult or impossible, much less assuming that a part-lion mythical creature was carved to accurate human standards.

Morison refused, however, to remove repeated references to the anti-abolitionist caricature of " Sambo ", which he claimed were vital in understanding the racist nature of American culture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, an era when even the most enlightened progressive thinkers routinely explained many aspects of human behavior as being a result of innate racial or ethnic characteristics.

Morison also refused to remove references to stereotypes of African Americans that he believed were vital in accurately depicting the racist nature of American culture in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries — an era when even the most enlightened progressive thinkers routinely explained many aspects of human behavior as being a result of innate racial or ethnic characteristics.

Many of these characteristics are only a matter of frequency among particular races: their presence or absence of one or more does not automatically classify an individual into a racial group.

Color blindness ( sometimes spelled colour-blindness ; also called race blindness ) is a sociological term referring to the disregard of racial characteristics when selecting which individuals will participate in some activity or receive some service.

This anonymity may paradoxically enable the reader to identify with the characters as human, preventing the reader from observing racial characteristics based on facial traits, while reminding readers that racist classification is ever present.

Until the 19th century, race was thought by many to constitute an immutable and distinct type or species which shared particular racial characteristics, such as body constitution, temperament and mental capacities.

During those centuries, the vast region of deserts, mountains, and grazing land was inhabited by people resembling each other in racial, cultural, and linguistic characteristics ; ethnologically they were essentially Mongol.

Self-concept ( also called self-construction, self-identity or self-perspective ) is a multi-dimensional construct that refers to an individual's perception of " self " in relation to any number of characteristics, such as academics ( and nonacademics ), gender roles and sexuality, racial identity, and many others.

The Population Registration Act of 1950 required that each inhabitant of South Africa be classified and registered in accordance with their racial characteristics as part of the system of apartheid.

The term black people is used in some socially-based systems of racial classification for humans of a dark-skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups represented in a particular social context.

But, particularly in the United States and Canada, the racial or ethnic classification also refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have African ancestry, or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being " African-American ".

As a result, in North America, the term " black people " is not an indicator of skin color but of socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a history related to institutionalized slavery.

The position that " Christian theological anti-Judaism is a phenomenon distinct from modern antisemitism, which is rooted in economic and racial thought, so that Christian teachings should not be held responsible for antisemitism " has been articulated, among other places, by Pope John Paul II in ' We Re member: A Reflection on the Shoah ,' and the Jewish declaration on Christianity, Dabru Emet .. Several scholars, including Susannah Heschel, Gavin I Langmuir and Uriel Tal the General Synod has affirmed that " the good news of salvation in Jesus Christ is for all and must be shared with all including people from other faiths or of no faith and that to do anything else would be to institutionalize discrimination ".

Classes were used to identify people with specific racial or ethnic heritage.

The balances of the atmospheres of the planets and the racial groups of the people in Cowboy Bebop mostly originate from Watanabe's ideas, with some collaboration from set designers Isamu Imakake, Shoji Kawamori, and Dai Satou.

The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership.

Druzes and Christians grouped in political rather than religious parties so the party lines in Lebanon obliterated racial and religious lines and the people grouped themselves regardless of their religious affiliations, into one or the other of these two parties.

Ethnology ( from the Greek, ethnos meaning " people, nation, race ") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial, and / or national divisions of humanity.

* Certain population segments have been historically under-researched ( racial minorities and people with co-morbid diseases ), and thus the RCT restricts generalizing.

They argue that nations and races must purge themselves of socially and biologically weak or degenerate people, while simultaneously promoting the creation of strong people, in order to survive in a world defined by perpetual national and racial conflict.

Nazi racial policies, including the notion that people who were racially inferior had no right to live, date back to the earliest days of the party ; Hitler discusses this in Mein Kampf.

Initially confined to the immigrant communities during the mid-19th century, it was gradually assimilated into mainstream society and by the first decade of the 20th century it was being celebrated coast to coast by people of all social, racial and religious backgrounds.

They, on the other hand, believed in racial equality, and therefore in the potential of all people to become ' civilized ' through evangelization and education.

The most controversial cuts were the scenes involving Otto, initially a recurring character, who had a thin Adolf Hitler-esque moustache and spoke with a German accent, shouting accusations of " racial impurity " at people whose conceptions were similar to Brian's ( Roman centurion rape of native Judean women ), and other Nazi-based phrases.

Legal scholars have suggested that the political " equation for religious and racial harmony " is rather fragile, and that this " fragility stems largely from the identification of religion with race coupled with the political primacy of the Malay people colliding with the aspiration of other races for complete equality.

According to Joseph Stalin writing in 1913 in Marxism and the National Question: " a nation is not a racial or tribal, but a historically constituted community of people ;" " a nation is not a casual or ephemeral conglomeration, but a stable community of people "; " a common language is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " a nation is formed only as a result of lengthy and systematic intercourse, as a result of people living together generation after generation "; " a common territory is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " a common economic life, economic cohesion, is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " a common psychological make-up, which manifests itself in a common culture, is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " A nation is a historically constituted, stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, and psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries anthropologists used a typological model to divide people from different ethnic regions into races, ( e. g. the Negroid race, the Caucasoid race, the Mongoloid race, the Australoid race, and the Capoid race which was the racial classification system as defined in 1962 by Carleton S. Coon ).

The basis for racial mapping, at least in the western world, goes back to the Hellenistic tradition of mapping, where exotic “ other ” people were purported to live in far off lands.

Those who subscribe to the proposition that there are inherent distinctions among people that can be ascribed to membership in a racial group ( and who may use this to justify differential treatment of such groups ) tend to describe themselves using the term “ racialism ” rather than “ racism ”, to avoid the negative connotations of the latter word.