Tire size can be determined in several ways but the one that is the easiest and as accurate as any is by measuring the effective radius of a wheel and tire assembly.

This is true because of savings in utility lines and the fact that your buildings have a useful radius equal in all directions.

If A is the major axis of an ellipsoid and B and C are the other two axes, the radius of curvature in the ab plane at the end of the axis Af, and the difference in pressure along the A and B axes is Af.

If one assumes that the average flux did not change between measurements, a mass-distribution curve is obtained which relates the flux of particles larger than a given radius to the inverse 7/2 power of the radius.

Therefore, N is inversely proportional to the radius cubed and in fair agreement with the inverse 7/2 power derived from 1958 Alpha and 1959 Eta data.

This measure is the ratio of the length of a circular arc by its radius.

An equivalent definition is the radius of an unperturbed circular Newtonian orbit about the Sun of a particle having infinitesimal mass, moving with an angular frequency of radians per day ; or that length such that, when used to describe the positions of the objects in the Solar System, the heliocentric gravitational constant ( the product GM < sub >☉</ sub >) is equal to ()< sup > 2 </ sup > AU < sup > 3 </ sup >/ d < sup > 2 </ sup >.

According to Archimedes in the Sandreckoner ( 2. 1 ), Aristarchus of Samos estimated the distance to the Sun to be 10, 000 times the Earth's radius ( the true value is about 23, 000 ).

The color of amethyst has been demonstrated to result from substitution by irradiation of trivalent iron ( Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >) for silicon in the structure, in the presence of trace elements of large ionic radius, and, to a certain extent, the amethyst color can naturally result from displacement of transition elements even if the iron concentration is low.

It's noteworthy that this record's peak emittance black-body wavelength of 6, 400 kilometers is roughly the radius of Earth.

On the plane the most common alternative is polar coordinates, where every point is represented by its radius r from the origin and its angle θ.

The equation x < sup > 2 </ sup > + y < sup > 2 </ sup > = r < sup > 2 </ sup > is the equation for any circle with a radius of r.

If the pencil with the angle u2 is that of the maximum aberration of all the pencils transmitted, then in a plane perpendicular to the axis at O ' 1 there is a circular disk of confusion of radius O ' 1R, and in a parallel plane at O ' 2 another one of radius O ' 2R2 ; between these two is situated the disk of least confusion.

This distance replaces the angle u in the preceding considerations ; and the aperture, i. e. the radius of the entrance pupil, is its maximum value.

* Atomic radii of the elements ( data page ) — atomic radius ( empirical ), atomic radius ( calculated ), van der Waals radius, covalent radius

Using the known ionic radii for the trivalent rare earths and the linear correlation of log distribution coefficient with ionic radius, an average ionic radius of 0. 089 nm was estimated for Md < sup > 3 +</ sup > and a heat of hydration of –( 3654 ± 12 ) kJ / mol calculated using empirical models and the Born-Haber cycle.

The probability of hitting the target zone can be calculated from where A ( target ) is the cross-section of the target area, dy is the positional uncertainty at arrival ; a-constant ( depending on units ), r ( target ) is the radius of the target area ; v the velocity of the probe ; ( tp ) the targeting precision ( arcsec / yr ); and d the distance to the target, guided by high-resolution astrometry of 1 × 10 < sup >− 5 </ sup > arcsec / yr ( all units in SIU ).

Mean performance for the stage can be calculated from the velocity triangles, at this radius, using the Euler equation:

* 53 pm — calculated radius of hydrogen atom

A simplified representation of a helium atom, having an estimated ( calculated ) radius of 31 picometres

This field strength can be calculated from the current as measured by the ammeter, the number of turns of the coil, and the radius of the coils.

The peak intensity at an axial distance from the beam waist is calculated using L ' Hôpital's rule as the limit of the enclosed power within a circle of radius, divided by the area of the circle:

Orbital speed ( how fast the satellite is moving through space ) is calculated by multiplying the angular speed by the orbital radius:

In engineering, where people deal with continuous bodies of matter, the radius of gyration is usually calculated as an integral.

To determine a star's radius, however, two other metrics are needed: the star's angular diameter and its distance from Earth, usually calculated using parallax.

He replaced Ptolemy's chords with the sines from Arabic mathematics, and calculated tables of sines for every minute of arc for a radius of 600, 000 units.

In simple cylindrical pipes, this is calculated as a radius:

The Schwarzschild radius was named after the German astronomer Karl Schwarzschild who calculated this exact solution for the theory of general relativity in 1915.

's A Map of the Universe to be 4. 50 times the Hubble radius, given as 4. 220 billion parsecs ( 13. 76 billion light years ), whereas the current comoving radius of the observable universe is calculated on p. 7 to be 3. 38 times the Hubble radius.

If the statistic is a percentage, this maximum margin of error can be calculated as the radius of the confidence interval for a reported percentage of 50 %.

If the statistic is a percentage, this maximum margin of error can be calculated as the radius of the confidence interval for a reported percentage of 50 %.

He calculated the velocity obtained from each formula for a given slope and for hydraulic radius varying from 0. 25 m to 30 m. Then, for each condition, he found the mean value of the seven velocities and developed a formula that best fitted the data.

Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape ( dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius ), length ( dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer ), and function ( dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them ).

The equatorial radius of the star was estimated to be 2. 03 solar radii, and the polar radius 1. 63 solar radii — a 25 % increase of the stellar radius from pole to equator.

Where r < sub > screen </ sub > is the radius of the detection screen from the tip centre, and r < sub > tip </ sub > the tip radius.

In the forelimb, the upper and lower series of carpal ( finger ) bones scarcely alternated, but in the hind foot, the astragalus overlapped the cuboid, while the fibula, which was quite distinct from the tibia ( as was the radius from the ulna in the forelimb ), articulated with both astragalus and calcaneum.

Reproduced from the book of Jean Baptiste Perrin, Les Atomes, three tracings of the motion of colloidal particles of radius 0. 53 µm, as seen under the microscope, are displayed.

At each of the corners, a 1 m radius quarter-circle is drawn, and a dotted line is painted parallel to the shortline and five metres away from it without extending into the penalty area.

where r is the radius from the axis of rotation.

The meaning of the potential energy is that movement of a test body from a larger radius to a smaller radius involves doing work against the centrifugal force.

The inner program area occupies a radius from 25 to 58 mm.

The word-element " radio -" in the title originates from the combining form of Latin radius, a ray.

The radius itself reduces the stress in these critical areas, but since the radius in most cases are rolled, this also leaves some compressive residual stress in the surface, which prevents cracks from forming.

However, on scales comparable to the radius of the observable universe, we see systematic changes with distance from the Earth.

Since we are assuming circular motion, let r ( t ) = R · u < sub > r </ sub >, where R is a constant ( the radius of the circle ) and u < sub > r </ sub > is the unit vector pointing from the origin to the point mass.

The radius of curvature of the path is ρ as found from the rate of rotation of the tangent to the curve with respect to arc length, and is the radius of the osculating circle at position s. The unit circle on the left shows the rotation of the unit vectors with s.