Help


[permalink] [id link]
+
Page "Anaerobic respiration" ¶ 2
from Wikipedia
Edit
Promote Demote Fragment Fix

Some Related Sentences

reduced and species
Flowers across the Apiaceae are fairly uniform and are usually perfect ( hermaphroditic ) and actinomorphic, but some are andromonoecious, polygamomonoecious, or even dioecious ( as in Acronema ), with a distinct calyx and corolla, but the calyx if often highly reduced, to the point of being undetectable in many species, while the corolla can be white, yellow, pink or purple.
In this process, the former species is oxidized and the latter is reduced, thus the term redox.
Capybaras are on the IUCN list, but are not considered a threatened species ; their population is stable through most of their South American range, though in some areas, hunting has reduced their numbers.
When discussing the relative reducing power of two redox agents, the couple for generating the more reducing species is said to be more " cathodic " with respect to the more easily reduced reagent.
Oxidation and reduction always occur in a paired fashion such that one species is oxidized when another is reduced.
Bacteria benefit from the reduced exposure to predators and competition from other bacterial species, the ample supply of nutrients and relative environmental stability inside the host.
Later species reduced the number of toes, and developed teeth more suited for grinding up grasses and other tough plant food.
Many of these species bore the main weight of their bodies on their central, third, toe, with the others becoming reduced, and barely touching the ground, if at all.
The reduced degree of sexual dimorphism is primarily visible in the a reduction of the male canine tooth relative to other ape species ( except gibbons ), but also reduced brow ridges and general robustness of males.
Its ability to dive this deeply reduced competition with other alcid species.
In some multicellular green algae, red algae, or brown algae ( Ulva is one example ), the sporophytes and gametophytes are often isomorphic, but in some species the gametophyte may be reduced.
This 3 foot tall hominid is thought to be a species descended from Homo Erectus and reduced in size over thousands of years by a well known process called island dwarfism.
The brain in the ancestors of the modern koala once filled the whole cranial cavity, but has become drastically reduced in the present species, a degeneration scientists suspect is an adaptation to a diet low in energy.
The available habitat may have been reduced for some megafaunal species, such as the mammoth.
Others argue that the species had not been common in the Pre-Columbian period, but their numbers grew when devastation of the American Indian population by European diseases led to reduced competition for food.
Around 1980, subsequent revisions by Peter Wellnhofer had reduced the number of recognized species to about half a dozen.
Early species had long, fully toothed jaws and long tails, while later forms had a highly reduced tail, and some lacked teeth.
In parapatric speciation, there is only partial separation of the zones of two diverging populations afforded by geography ; individuals of each species may come in contact or cross habitats from time to time, but reduced fitness of the heterozygote leads to selection for behaviours or mechanisms that prevent their inter-breeding.
Some species such as sirens and amphiumas have reduced or absent hindlimbs, giving them a more eel-like appearance.
Since the late 1990s, devil facial tumour disease has drastically reduced the devil population and now threatens the survival of the species, which in 2008 was declared to be endangered.
Hunting and trapping has reduced the species ' range to about one third, though its still relatively widespread range and stable population means that the species is not threatened at a global level, and is therefore classified by the IUCN as Least Concern.
Likewise, the subtraction of a species would cause the reaction to fill the “ gap ” and favor the side where the species was reduced.

reduced and are
The work week of attendants who are on duty 65 hours and more per week should be reduced.
True, the adherents of staying put are now reduced to a minor, even a miniscule sect, and their credo, `` Home-keeping hearts are happiest '', is as disreputable as Socinianism.
On the remainder of the clear channels, the dominant ( class 1 ) -- B stations are protected as described above, and the relatively small number of secondary ( class 2 ) ) stations permitted to operate on these channels at night are required to operate directionally and/or with reduced power so as to protect the class 1, stations.
In an essentially static system, an oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface unless the interfacial tensions of the water phase are reduced by a surface-active agent.
Here a variety of meanings and emotions are concentrated, or reduced, in their communicative expression, to some comparatively simple-seeming verbal or nonverbal statement.
in working with these patients the therapist eventually gets to do some at least private mulling over of the possible meaning of a belch, or the passage of flatus, not only because he is reduced to this for lack of anything else to analyze, but also because he learns that even these animal-like sounds constitute forms of communication in which, from time to time, quite different things are being said, long before the patient can become sufficiently aware of these, as distinct feelings and concepts, to say them in words.
Entries are summarized only when by doing so the amount of information retained in the dictionary is reduced and the time required for dictionary operations is decreased.
In so far as this goal is achieved, the society becomes more fluid, artificial barriers to social mobility are reduced, and people at the lower end of the social hierarchy share more fully in the material and cultural goods of society.
Although the theological forms of the past continue to exist in a way they do not in a more secularized situation, the striking thing is the rapidity with which they are being reduced to a marginal existence.
The Austro-Asiatic languages are well known for having a " sesquisyllabic " pattern, with basic nouns and verbs consisting of a reduced minor syllable plus a full syllable.
Members of this order are eel-like aquatic salamanders with much reduced forelimbs and no hind limbs.
Salamanders are at their most vulnerable at metamorphosis as swimming speeds are reduced and transforming tails are encumbrances on land.
Melzak's and Lambek's primitive models reduced this notion to four elements: ( i ) discrete, distinguishable locations, ( ii ) discrete, indistinguishable counters ( iii ) an agent, and ( iv ) a list of instructions that are effective relative to the capability of the agent.
Arachnophobes will spare no effort to make sure that their whereabouts are spider-free, hence they would have had a reduced risk of being bitten in ancestral environments.
The Onge are reduced to less than 100 people.
It has been claimed by one study that abiotic stress causes the most crop loss of any other factor and that most major crops are reduced in their yield by more than 50 % from their potential yield.
An example of the development of tank destroyer technology throughout the war are the Marder III and Hetzer vehicle, that were very different in spite of being based on the same chassis: Marder was straightforwardly an anti-tank gun on tracks whereas Hetzer traded some firepower ( its Pak 39, designed to operate within the confines of a fully-armored fighting compartment, fires the same projectiles from a reduced propellant charge compared to Marder's Pak 40 ) for better armor protection and ease of battlefield concealment.
With repeated heavy consumption of alcohol, these receptors are desensitized and reduced in number, resulting in tolerance and physical dependence.

reduced and oxidized
In the first step, disulfide is spontaneously oxidized to thiosulfate by ferric iron ( Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >), which in turn is reduced to give ferrous iron ( Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup >):
Here I < sub > 2 </ sub > is reduced to I < sup >–</ sup > and S < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup > 2 –</ sup > ( thiosulfate anion ) is oxidized to S < sub > 4 </ sub > O < sub > 6 </ sub >< sup > 2 –</ sup >.
The oxidizing agent is always being reduced in a reaction ; the reducing agent is always being oxidized.
First, the reduced form of the metal to be oxidized at the anode ( Zn ) is written.
Finally, the oxidized form of the metal to be reduced at the cathode, is written, separated from its reduced form by the vertical line.
However, it is considered to be a complex process because the contents in solution have to be analyzed in half reactions, whether reduced or oxidized.
When Q accepts two electrons and two protons, it becomes reduced to the ubiquinol form ( QH < sub > 2 </ sub >); when QH < sub > 2 </ sub > releases two electrons and two protons, it becomes oxidized back to the ubiquinone ( Q ) form.
As a result, if two enzymes are arranged so that Q is reduced on one side of the membrane and QH < sub > 2 </ sub > oxidized on the other, ubiquinone will couple these reactions and shuttle protons across the membrane.
As such, it can be used as a repository of reduced or oxidized disulfide bond moieties.
* As an antioxidant, vitamin E acts as a peroxyl radical scavenger, preventing the propagation of free radicals in tissues, by reacting with them to form a tocopheryl radical which will then be oxidized by a hydrogen donor ( such as Vitamin C ) and thus return to its reduced state.
Retinal, also known as retinaldehyde, can be reversibly reduced to produce retinol or it can be irreversibly oxidized to produce retinoic acid, which then cannot function as the vitamin in the eye.
Sediments deposited on the seafloor before the impact, including BIFs contained little if any oxidized iron ( Fe ( III )), but were high in reduced iron ( Fe ( II )).
Pseudoephedrine is a diastereomer of ephedrine and is readily reduced into methamphetamine or oxidized into methcathinone.
The ratio of oxidized to reduced molecules, /, is equivalent to the probability of being oxidized ( giving electrons ) over the probability of being reduced ( taking electrons ), which we can write in terms of the Boltzmann factors for these processes:
Chemical equilibrium | Equilibrium between the oxidized ( left ) and totally reduced ( right ) forms of flavin.
In aqueous solution, flavins are yellow-coloured when oxidized, taking a red colour in the semi-reduced anionic state or blue in the neutral ( semiquinone ) state, and colourless when totally reduced.
The oxidized and reduced forms are in fast equilibrium with the semiquinone ( radical ) form, shifted against the formation of the radical:
where Fl < sub > ox </ sub > is the oxidized flavin, Fl < sub > red </ sub > H < sub > 2 </ sub > the reduced flavin ( upon addition of two hydrogen atoms ) and FlH < sup >•</ sup > the semiquinone form ( addition of one hydrogen atom ).
Other proteins, which can be both oxidized and reduced by superoxide, have weak SOD-like activity ( e. g. hemoglobin ).

0.188 seconds.