The dynasty continued to flourish under Empress Wu Zetian, the only empress regnant in Chinese history, and reached its zenith during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, who oversaw an empire that stretched from the Pacific to the Aral Sea with at least 50 million people.

* 724 ( Yōrō 8, 1st month ): In the 9th year of Genshō-tennō's reign ( 元正天皇9年 ), the empress abdicated ; and her younger brother received the succession (‘‘ senso ’’).

Bidatsu's first empress, Hirohime, died in the fifth year of his reign.

* 645: In the 3rd year of Kōgyoku-tennō's reign ( 皇極天皇3年 ), the empress abdicated ; and the succession ( senso ) was received by her younger brother.

* 697: In the 10th year of Jitō-tennō's reign ( 持統天皇10年 ), the empress abdicated ; and the succession ( senso ) was received by a grandson of Emperor Temmu.

* 705: Overthrow of Empress Wu Zetian, the reign of China's first and only sole-ruling empress ends.

* Empress Yuan Leshang, an empress of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in China, later became a Buddhist nun who lived as a recluse, dying at an unknown date ( yet was still alive during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang, which ended in 649 )

In 251, Sun Quan created the first empress of his reign — Sun Liang's mother Consort Pan.

In the following year, the older of these two sisters became Empress Zhangde, the wife of Emperor Zhang of Han, and lasted briefly as empress dowager and regent during the early reign of Emperor He of Han.

" ( Thus, today Chinese people often refer to her as Wu Mei or Wu Meiniang ( 武媚娘 ) when they write about her youth, whereas they refer to her as Empress Wu ( 武后 ) when referring to her as empress and empress dowager and Wu Zetian ( 武則天 ) when referring to her reign as " emperor.

The reign of the new empress was understood to have begun.

She exerted more influence during the reign of her son than she had when she was empress.

Some grand empress dowagers held regency within the beginning years of reign of an underage or young emperor.

Numerous empress dowagers held regency during the reign of an underage emperor.

It was generally not accepted for a female to succeed to the throne as a sovereign regnant in her own right, rather than playing the role of a sovereign's consort or regent for a sovereign who was still a minor in age, so that in history of China there has only been one reigning empress, the Empress Wu, whose reign punctuated the Tang Dynasty.

Compared with the military success of his father's reign, Petar has been traditionally considered a weak ruler, who lost lands and prestige, allowed his military forces to decline while his country was ravaged by foreign invaders, and turned Bulgaria into a Byzantine satellite governed by Byzantine agents in the persons of his empress and her retinue.

His mother was the Kangxi Emperor's first empress, Empress Xiaochengren from the Hešeri clan, who was also a niece of Songgotu ( one of the four regents in Kangxi's early reign ).

Emperor Fei would not have another empress for the rest of his reign.

* Empress Xiao Zhuang Rui ( 孝莊睿皇后 ), family name Qian ( 錢 ) ( died 1468 ), married the Zhengtong Emperor in 1442, lost her position as empress when her husband was stripped of the position of emperor in 1449, reinstated as empress in 1457, created Empress Dowager Ciyi ( 慈懿皇太后 ) during the reign of her stepson

* Empress Xiao Su ( 孝肅皇后 ), family name Zhou ( 周 ) ( died 1504 ), daughter of Zhou Neng ( 周能 ), held the rank of Noble Consort ( 貴妃 ), created Empress Dowager Sheng Ci Ren Shou ( 聖慈仁壽皇太后 ) in 1487, created Grand Empress Dowager ( 太皇太后 ) during the reign of her grandson, never held the title of empress in life but was posthumously honored as an empress, mother of Princess Chongqing and the Chenghua Emperor

In the last year of Peter's reign new allegations of fraud by Menshikov came to light, and he was obliged to appeal for protection to the empress Catherine.

Like his volume on Wycliffe, the work was accompanied by the publication of a selected group of documents, in this case illustrative of the history of Queen Anne's reign down to 1707.

There was a tradition that the Delphic oracle was consulted as early as the period of the kings of Rome during the reign of Tarquinius Superbus.

In England it was first imposed by statute in the reign of Elizabeth I of England ( 1558 ) and its form has more than once been altered since.

His reign was headquartered in Magadha ( present-day Bihar ).

His reign was the most peaceful in the entire history of the Principate ; while there were several military disturbances throughout the Empire in his time, in Mauretania, Iudaea, and amongst the Brigantes in Britannia, none of them are considered serious.

Nevertheless, Antoninus was virtually unique among emperors in that he dealt with these crises without leaving Italy once during his reign, but instead dealt with provincial matters of war and peace through their governors or through imperial letters to the cities such as Ephesus ( of which some were publicly displayed ).

The older son, Gesalec, was chosen king but his reign was disastrous.

During Ahab's reign, Moab, which had been conquered by his father, remained tributary ; while Judah, with whose king, Jehoshaphat, he was allied by marriage, was probably his vassal.

Caracalla left for the frontier, where for the rest of his short reign he was known for his unpredictable and arbitrary operations launched by surprise after a pretext of peace negotiations.

This step was the beginning of the troubles which clouded the closing years of Albert's reign.

He was responsible for the destruction of the musical clock organ that Elizabeth I of England sent to the court during the reign of his father.

The reign of Ahmed III, which had lasted for twenty-seven years, although marked by the disasters of the Great Turkish War, was not unsuccessful.

It was in this reign that an important change in the government of the Danubian Principalities was introduced: previously, the Porte had appointed Hospodars, usually native Moldavian and Wallachian boyars, to administer those provinces ; after the Russian campaign of 1711, during which Peter the Great found an ally in Moldavia Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, the Porte began overtly deputizing Phanariote Greeks in that region, and extended the system to Wallachia after Prince Stefan Cantacuzino established links with Eugene of Savoy.

Agrippina was the first Roman matron to have more than one child from her family to reign on the Roman throne.

In the first years of Claudius ’ reign, Claudius was married to the infamous Empress Valeria Messalina.

During the remainder of Nero's reign, Agrippina's grave was not covered or enclosed.

One was a praetor under Emperor Tiberius ’ reign and the other, his son, was a general.

The earliest " year names ", whereby each year of a king's reign was named after a significant event performed by that king, date from the reign of Sargon the Great.

The period of Alboin's reign as king in Pannonia following the death of his father, Audoin, was one of confrontation and conflict between the Lombards and their main neighbors, the Gepids.

The first years of his reign were marked instead by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters.

The last part of Afonso IV's reign is marked not by open warfare against Castile, but by political intrigue.

Alfonso was the eldest son of Prince Francisco de Asis de Borbón-Dos Sicilias and Queen Isabel II, whose reign was marked by a constant political crisis which had several causes.

Andriscus's brief reign over Macedonia was marked by cruelty and extortion.

His twenty-one-year reign was marked by efforts to modernize and establish control of the kingdom, whose boundaries were delineated by the two empires bordering it.

His reign was marked by large scale public works, the development of social policy, and the extension of France's influence throughout the world.

The philosophy of Epictetus was an influence on the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius ( 121 to 180 AD ) whose reign was marked by wars with the resurgent Parthians in southern Asia and against the Germanic tribes in Europe.

His reign was marked by ineffective governance during the Thirty Years ' War.

Despite his own great reputation as a military administrator, Hadrian's reign was marked by a general lack of major military conflicts, apart from the Second Roman-Jewish War.

The reign of Philip II Augustus ( junior king 1179 – 1180, senior king 1180 – 1223 ) marked an important step in the history of French monarchy.

Heraclius ' reign was marked by several military campaigns.

During King Burebista's reign the year of Zalmoxis ' death was marked as the first day of the Dacian calendar.

The reign of Aurangzeb had marked the height of Mughal power, By 1690.

The reign of Jehu's predecessor, Jehoram, was marked by the Battle of Ramoth-Gilead against the army of the Arameans ; there Jehoram was wounded and afterwards returned to Jezreel to recover.

Justinian's reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or " restoration of the Empire ".

His reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture, and his building program yielded such masterpieces as the church of Hagia Sophia, which was to be the center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity for many centuries.

The birth of this son damaged the Partition of Aachen, as Louis's attempts to provide for his fourth son met with stiff resistance from his older sons, and the last two decades of his reign were marked by civil war.

Murad II's reign was marked by the long war he fought against the Christian feudal lords of the Balkans and the Turkish emirates in Anatolia, a conflict that lasted 25 years.

The reign of Murad III was marked by wars with Safavids and Habsburgs and Ottoman economic decline and institutional decay.

While his ten-year reign was marked by various state-building accomplishments, Mindaugas's conflicts with relatives and other dukes continued, and Samogitia ( western Lithuania ) strongly resisted the alliance's rule.

The reign of Sultan Abdülmecid I | Abdülmecid was marked by the implementation of the Tanzimat reforms ; the Crimean War and Ottoman public debt | first foreign debt of the Ottoman Empire in 1854.

Numa ’ s reign was marked by peace and religious reform.

Unlike his predecessors, Sennacherib's reign was not largely marked by military campaigns, but mainly by architectural renovations, constructions, and expansions.