The avoidance of overhead watering at night, using drip irrigation, reducing crop density, and using fans to circulate air flow will lower the relative moisture and decrease the severity of rust infection.

Proportionality requires that the level of punishment be scaled relative to the severity of the offending behaviour.

Phimosis in older children and adults can vary in severity, with some men able to retract their foreskin partially (' relative phimosis '), and some completely unable to retract their foreskin even in the flaccid state (' full phimosis ').

A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration found no benefits of acupuncture relative to placebo for IBS symptom severity or IBS-related quality of life.

* Oxygen saturation, a relative measure of the oxygen dissolved or carried in a medium ; a measure of the severity of hypoxic conditions.

The asperities or microscopic high points or surface roughness found on each surface, define the severity on how fragments of oxides are pulled off and adds to the other surface, partly due to strong adhesive forces between atoms but also due to accumulation of energy in the plastic zone between the asperities during relative motion.

The severity of the effect is based on the endurance, health, and relative proximity of the victims.

The distinction may be relevant where a patient has factors causing both acidosis and alkalosis, wherein the relative severity of both determines whether the result is a high or a low pH.

The relative severity of CFC when compared to Noonan Syndrome may reflect the position in the biochemical pathway each gene occupies.

This includes show trials, but is usually understood to mean capture, accusation, and execution all conducted during a very short span of time, relative to the severity of the punishment.

The clarity, or purity, of a diamond — the relative or apparent severity of flaws within the stone — has, like the other " four Cs ", a strong bearing on the evaluation of a diamond's worth.

Comparison with this group is useful to detect and estimate the severity of clinical problems relative to the average person.

Folklore of the eastern United States and Canada holds that the relative amounts of brown and black on the skin of a Woolly Bear caterpillar ( commonly abundant in the fall ) are an indication of the severity of the coming winter.

An increase in REM is believed to produce symptoms of depression and bipolar disorder in many patients for an amount of time relative to the severity of the previous " REM suppression.

The relative forces can be calculated from the various radii of curvature if we assume: ( A ) The surface tension is uniform on the surface of the drop.

In this way, numerical values for the relative efficacy of various detergent formulations can be obtained by measuring the reflectance ( whiteness ) of the cloth swatches before and after washing.

Sedimentation coefficients were computed as Af values and relative amounts of the various components were calculated from the Schlieren patterns.

Similarly, arbitrage affects the difference in interest rates paid on government bonds issued by the various countries, given the expected depreciations in the currencies relative to each other ( see interest rate parity ).

The relative importance and interactions between these different antioxidants is a very complex question, with the various metabolites and enzyme systems having synergistic and interdependent effects on one another.

" The relative status of various humans, some of whom had modern advanced technologies that included engines and telegraphs, while others lacked anything but face-to-face communication techniques and still lived a Paleolithic lifestyle, was of interest to the first generation of cultural anthropologists.

Except in the case of the isotopes of hydrogen ( which differ greatly from each other in relative mass — enough to cause chemical effects ), the isotopes of the various elements are typically chemically nearly indistinguishable from each other.

This map shows their relative distribution in various parts of Europe.

For example, Duncan Kennedy, in explicit reference to semiotics and deconstruction procedures, maintains that various legal doctrines are constructed around the binary pairs of opposed concepts, each of which with a claim upon intuitive and formal forms of reasoning that must be made explicit, not only in their meaning but also its relative value, and criticized.

The economy embarked on various stages of development during which the public and private sectors played roles varying in relative importance as follows:

The original word had both the meanings " friend " and " relative " but lost various degrees of the " friend " sense in Scandinavian languages, while it mostly lost the sense of " relative " in English.

Just as radiative forcing provides a simplified means of comparing the various factors that are believed to influence the climate system to one another, global-warming potentials ( GWPs ) are one type of simplified index based upon radiative properties that can be used to estimate the potential future impacts of emissions of different gases upon the climate system in a relative sense.

This relative independence served as the basis for conflict during the time of the Reformation when the various states divided between different confessional camps.

After Dejacque and others split from Proudhon due to the latter's support of individual property and an exchange economy, the relationship between the individualists, who continued in relative alignment with the philosophy of Proudhon, and the anarcho-communists was characterised by various degrees of antagonism and harmony.

Most intelligent design advocates accept that evolution occurs through mutation and natural selection at the " micro level ", such as changing the relative frequency of various beak lengths in finches, but assert that it cannot account for irreducible complexity, because none of the parts of an irreducible system would be functional or advantageous until the entire system is in place.

Planetary co-ordinate systems are defined relative to their mean axis of rotation and various definitions of longitude depending on the body.

Analysis of the relative concentrations of various uranium, thorium and protactinium isotopes in water and minerals is used in radiometric dating of sediments which are up to 175, 000 years old and in modeling of various geological processes.

In vitro studies of purified proteins in controlled environments are useful for learning how a protein carries out its function: for example, enzyme kinetics studies explore the chemical mechanism of an enzyme's catalytic activity and its relative affinity for various possible substrate molecules.

As the sizes got smaller, one would have to redesign some tools, because the relative strength of various forces would change.

As such, the short story is defined relative to other prose forms in various traditions and styles, with the precise length of each story determined by each author's artistic intent or the requirements of the plot or depiction.

Like pottery, the typology of the stone tools combined with the relative sequence of the types in various regions provide a chronological framework for the evolution of man and society.

* Measurements of various quantities are relative to the velocities of observers.

Before the Congress opened on 13 June, negotiations between Andrássy and the British Foreign Secretary Marquess of Salisbury had already " ended on 6 June by Britain agreeing to all the Austrian proposals relative to Bosnia-Herzegovina about to come before the congress while Austria would support British demands.

Ever since its rediscovery, the stone has been the focus of nationalist rivalries, including its transfer from French to British possession during the Napoleonic Wars, a long-running dispute over the relative value of Young's and Champollion's contributions to the decipherment, and since 2003, demands for the stone's return to Egypt.

With their military technology, they overcame the local forces with relative ease, and formed several small Boer republics in areas beyond British control, without a central government.

While there is considerable debate about the relative merits of a constitutional arrangement such as that of the United States versus a parliamentary arrangement such as Britain, analysts have noted that most democracies around the world have chosen the British multi-party model.

The British were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease.

At the time of unification the bulk of cargo destined for the Witwatersrand area entered through Lourenço Marques ( now Maputo in Mozambique ) owing largely to the relative distance and the ZARs policy of reducing its dependence on the British Empire.

Although over fifty Roman Catholics bore closer blood relationships to Anne, the Act of Settlement 1701 prohibited Catholics from inheriting the British throne ; George was Anne's closest living Protestant relative.

The succession was so designed because Sophia was the closest Protestant relative of the British Royal Family ; fifty-six Catholic relations with superior hereditary claims were bypassed.

After a relative period of decline in the 1980s a British GT Championship emerged in the mid-90s.

A 19th century children's book informs its readers that the Dutch people | Dutch were a very industrious race, and that China | Chinese children were very obedient to their parents ( implicitly, relative to the British people | British ).

The internal communications of the British colonial government at Quebec suggest a relative failure of the purpose of the Quebec Act.

The capital of the state of Delaware was moved here from Newcastle in 1777 because of its central location and relative safety from British raiders on the Delaware River.

The British soon discovered that German tunnelling companies had taken advantage of the relative calm on the surface to build an extensive network of tunnels and deep mines from which they would attack French positions by setting off explosive charges underneath their trenches.

It was not until 1766 that it was named Hillsborough, after the Earl of Hillsborough, the British secretary of state for the colonies and a relative of royal Governor William Tryon.

* Xan Windsor, Lord Culloden ( b. 2007 ), an infant relative of the British Royal family, son of the Earl of Ulster and grandson of the Duke of Gloucester

The Department is named to commemorate British chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish for contributions to science and his relative William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire, who served as Chancellor of the University and donated money for the construction of the laboratory.

The Indians all know we cannot be a Match for them in the midst of an extensive woody Country ... from whence I infer that if we are determined to possess Our Posts, Trade & ca securely, it cannot be done for a Century by any other means than that of purchasing the favour of the numerous Indian inhabitants. With the proclamation, “ the British were trying to convince Native people that there was nothing to fear from the colonists, while at the same time trying to increase political and economic power relative to First Nations and other European powers .” However, the Royal Proclamation along with the subsequent Treaty of Niagara, provide for an argument that “ discredits the claims of the Crown to exercise sovereignty over First Nations ” and affirms Aboriginal “ powers of self-determination in, among other things, allocating lands .” Further so, the Royal Proclamation outlined a policy in which to protect and extinguish Aboriginal rights and in doing so, recognized these rights existed.

With little experience in the role, no means of measuring target, range, height or speed the difficulty of observing their shell bursts relative to the target gunners proved unable to get their fuze setting correct and most rounds burst well below their targets ( discovering this, British fliers gave German anti-aircraft fire the mocking nickname, " Archie ").

In the UK there are a number of British standards included in the three main ladder certifications relative to the particular ladder type.

Despite the popularity that Kauffman enjoyed in British society and her success as an artist, she was disappointed by the relative apathy that the British had towards history painting.